2. 外语
  3. ①加强国家创新体系建设。②强化基础研究和应用基础研究，启动一批科技创新重大项目，高标准建设国家实验室。③鼓励企业牵头实施重大科技项目，支持科研院所、高校与企业融通创新，加快创新成果转化应用。④国家科技投入要向民生领域倾斜，加强雾霾治理、癌症等重大疾病防治攻

①加强国家创新体系建设。②强化基础研究和应用基础研究，启动一批科技创新重大项目，高标准建设国家实验室。③鼓励企业牵头实施重大科技项目，支持科研院所、高校与企业融通创新，加快创新成果转化应用。④国家科技投入要向民生领域倾斜，加强雾霾治理、癌症等重大疾病防治攻

admin2022-07-09  15
问题     ①加强国家创新体系建设。②强化基础研究和应用基础研究，启动一批科技创新重大项目，高标准建设国家实验室。③鼓励企业牵头实施重大科技项目，支持科研院所、高校与企业融通创新，加快创新成果转化应用。④国家科技投入要向民生领域倾斜，加强雾霾治理、癌症等重大疾病防治攻关，使科技更好造福人民。
    ⑤落实和完善创新激励政策。⑥改革科技管理制度，绩效评价要加快从重过程向重结果转变。⑦赋予创新团队和领军人才更大的人财物支配权和技术路线决策权。⑧对承担重大科技攻关任务的科研人员，采取灵活的薪酬制度和奖励措施。⑨探索赋予科研人员科技成果所有权和长期使用权。⑩有悖于激励创新的陈规旧章，要抓紧修改废止；有碍于释放创新活力的繁文缛节，要下决心砍掉。
选项
答案 ①We will improve national innovation systems. ②We will strengthen basic research and application-oriented basic research, launch a number of major science and technology innovation programs, and build top-quality national laboratories. ③We will encourage enterprises to head up major science and technology programs, support collaborative innovation by research institutes, universities, and enterprises, and speed up the commercialization and application of innovations. ④State investment in science and technology will be weighted toward fields related to improving living standards. We will strengthen efforts to reduce smog and prevent and cure cancers and other serious diseases, thus making science and technology do more to benefit the people. ⑤We will act on and improve policies that stimulate innovation. ⑥We will reform the science and technology management system, and speed up the shift in performance assessment from emphasis on processes to emphasis on outcomes. ⑦We will empower innovation teams and leaders by seeing that they have more human, financial, and material resources at their disposal and more power to make decisions related to technology road maps. ⑧For researchers working for major scientific and technological breakthroughs, we will adopt flexible remuneration systems and reward schemes. ⑨We will explore ways to grant researchers ownership or permanent use rights over their scientific and technological outputs. ⑩All outdated rules and regulations that sap the inspiration for innovation will be modified or abolished without delay, and all red tape that strangles efforts to unlock innovation will be torn clean away.
解析     1.④句中“国家科技投入要向民生领域倾斜”，翻译时可以像参考译文一样，处理成被动句State investment in science and technology will be weighted…，也可以转被动句为主动句，补充主语we，译作we will weight state investment in science and technology toward…，使译文结构更加灵活多样。
    2.④句中“加强雾霾治理、癌症等重大疾病防治攻关，使科技更好造福人民”，翻译时应当注意句子间的逻辑关系，前一个分句是做法，后一个分句是目的，处理时可以在第二个分句前添加连接词thus，译作We will strengthen efforts to reduce smog and prevent and cure cancers and other serious diseases. thus making…，以此加强译文的逻辑联系。
    3.⑥句中“绩效评价要加快从重过程向重结果转变”，翻译时可以按照原文的句子结构，处理成performance assessment should be sped up to shift from…也可以补充主语we，同时将原句的主语“绩效评价”转换为状语，译作We will speed up the shift in performance assessment from…。
    4.⑦句属于动词双宾语结构，由于原句动词“赋予”的直接宾语，即“更大的人财物支配权和技术路线决策权”过长，翻译时我们可以将其灵活地处理成句，并添加过渡短语by seeing that，译作We will empower innovation teams and leaders by seeing that they have…。
    5.⑩句中“陈规旧章”以及“繁文缛节”的定语分别为“有悖于激励创新的”以及“有碍于释放创新活力的”，它们都过于复杂，翻译时可以将其处理成后置定语从句，可分别译作All outdated rules and regulations that sap the inspiration for innovation和all red tape that strangles efforts to unlock innovation，以此来平衡句子的整体结构，同时更加清晰地传达原文信息。
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