首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Values, Characteristics, Personal Habits and Courtesies of Americans Although Americans hate generalizations and hold an eth
Values, Characteristics, Personal Habits and Courtesies of Americans Although Americans hate generalizations and hold an eth
admin
2010-03-25
67
问题
Values, Characteristics, Personal Habits and Courtesies of Americans
Although Americans hate generalizations and hold an ethnocentric point of view, they can be summarized or categorized by some evident values they prefer:
Ⅰ Individualism &independence:
Persons prefer being as individuals to representing a family or a group.
examples:
1) Everyone would pay【1】______ of his or her own rather than be someone’ s【1】______
guest when dining at a restaurant.
2) Americans may be ill at ease if you give them more help than they need
because they view【2】______ as weakness. 【2】______
Ⅱ Informality:
Informality is more predominant in university than in other【3】______ 【3】______
1) You may call the first names of other students regardless of age【4】______【4】______
2) Informal dress is common on campus.
3) Language is informal and sometimes【5】______ 【5】______
Ⅲ Directness:
Honesty and【6】______ are more important to Americans than "saving face". 【6】______
Americans are quick to the point and do not spend much time on formal amenities. Some
behaviors have associated with【7】______: 【7】______
1) A firm handshake-a sign of sincerity.
2) Looking at the person you are speaking to indicates honesty.
3) One is taken at his or her word-a refusal really means【8】______ 【8】______
Ⅳ Punctuality:
Punctuality is highly valued by Americans.
You should be present for school and business appointments strictly on time while
being 10-15 minutes late for【9】______ is acceptable. 【9】______
However, you need to apologize and explain if you are more than 15 minutes late for a dinner you are invited to.
Ⅴ Achievement & competition:
Competition may take the forms of friendly joking or banter and the quick reply in a witty manner. That Americans value achievement may be expressed in the following ways:
1) sports awards are often displayed in their homes;
2) books and movies may be judged on the【10】______ that are sold or on the【10】______
sum of money as profit that is realized.
【2】
Values, Characteristics, Personal Habits and Courtesies of Americans
Good morning, everybody. Today I’m going to discuss American values, characteristics, personal habits and courtesies. Keep in mind as you are listening to this lecture that your goal is to understand, not to emulate or judge. Just briefly, I’d like to mention that there is remarkable ethnic diversity in the United States. The population of the USA is about 260 million, 73% of the American population is White, 12% is African American, 8% Hispanic, 3% Asian or Pacific islanders, and less than 1% American Indian or Eskimo. Many Americans resent generalizations being made about them because Americans see themselves as very unique and individualistic. On the other hand, Americans tend to lump foreigners together into one lot and condescendingly view foreigners as people who are not as intelligent or sensible as Americans. Despite Americans’ dislike of generalizations and their ethnocentric point of view, it becomes evident that they are indeed "American". Americans value individualism, independence, informality, directness, punctuality, achievement and competition.
Individualism is probably the most highly esteemed value in the American culture and an important key to understanding American behavior. In the historical development of the country, individuality was crucial for survival. If you asked Americans to characterize the ideal person, they would probably use adjectives such as "autonomous", "independent" and "self-reliant". Persons tend to be viewed as individuals rather than as representatives of a family or a group. Here are some examples of how this value affects behaviors:
1. If a group of friends go to a restaurant, everyone "wants to pay their own pay". In other words they want to have separate checks and not be someone’s guest.
2. In friendships, which seem to initially develop more quickly in the U.S. than in other cultures, the Americans may feel uncomfortable if you give them more help than they need. This is a tendency to draw back and see dependency as weakness.
In some ways the stress on the individual rather than the family or group has led to a more informal society. Sometimes this lack of formality is viewed by members of other cultures as a sign of lack of respect, but that is not the intention in the American value system. This informality is even more predominant on the university campus than in other segments of society. Some ways in which you might see this value expressed in behaviors are:
1. You will generally be on a first name basis with other students, in spite of any age differences.
2. Dress is very informal on campus.
3. Language is informal and sometimes confusing. Phrases like "See you later" and "Drop by any time" are not meant literally. They are informal ways of saying goodbye.
Americans are direct—honesty and frankness are more important to Americans than "saving face". They may bring up impolite conversation topics which you may find embarrassing, too controversial or even offensive. Americans are quick to get to the point and do not spend much time on formal social amenities. This directness encourages Americans to talk over disagreements and to try to patch up misunderstandings themselves rather than ask a third party to mediate disputes.
It is particularly interesting to see what behaviors have culturally become associated with straightforwardness:
1. A firm handshake somehow has come to be interpreted as a sign of sincerity.
2. Looking at a person when you speak to him or her gives an indication of honesty.
3. In a question of honesty versus politeness, honesty wins. It is considered better to refuse graciously than to accept an invitation and not go.
4. You will be taken at your word. If you refuse food the first time it is offered (to be polite), it may not be offered again. An American will not know that your initial refusal is politeness.
Great value is attached to time in the U.S. Punctuality is considered an important attribute. As with all values, there are different rules of acceptability in different cultures. In the U.S. you should be present for school or business appointments at the exact time agreed upon. In social appointments you can arrive 10-15 minutes after the agreed-upon time without giving offense. If you are invited somewhere for dinner and are more than 15 minutes late, you will need to offer an apology and an explanation. A phone call explaining you have been detained and will be late will save face for you and patience for the other person.
Americans also value achievement and competition. The American style of friendly joking or banter of "getting the last word in" and the quick and witty reply are subtle forms of competition. Although such behavior is natural to Americans, you may find it overbearing or disagreeable. Americans are obsessed with records of achievement in sports, and sports awards are often displayed in their homes. Also, sometimes books and movies are judged not so much on quality but on how many copies are sold or on how many dollars of profit are realized.
选项
答案
dependence
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ZhqO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Butaboveall,IseeChina’sfutureinyou--youngpeoplewhosetalentanddedicationanddreamswilldosomuchtohelpshapeth
Mostpeoplecanrememberaphonenumberforuptothirtyseconds.Whenthisshortamountoftimeelapses,however,thenumbersa
Thewaywecontactwitheachotherischanging;emailisboththecatalystandinstrumentofthattremendousandsurprisingchan
Ateamofworld-leadingneuro-scientistshasdevelopedapowerfultechniquethatallowsthemtolookdeepinsideaperson’sbrai
Takingonaleadershiproleforthefirsttimeistough.Thereisalwayspressureonyoutodotherightthings,andtobeseen
Goodafternoon!Thetopicfortoday’slectureis"The’ClickandGo’Generation"which,ofcourse,referstotoday’steenagers.
TheUnitedNationsHumanRightsCouncilwasformerSecretaryGeneralKofiAnnan’sdreamchild:anew,strongerinstitutiontore
Throughoutthenation’smorethan15,000schooldistricts,widelydifferingapproachestoteachingscienceandmathhaveemerged
A、OurfallschedulewillbediscussednextMondayandTuesday.B、TheVicePresidenthasmoremeetingsthanherassistantsdo.C、
A、Thegovernmenthaswonavoteofconfidenceintheupperhouseofparliament.B、Thegovernmenthastochoosebetweenausterity
随机试题
三叠纪末期中央大西洋超级火成岩省喷发造成的火山冬天导致大量陆地生物灭绝,恐龙却避过了这一灾难,并于三叠纪末生物灭绝事件后迅速占据生态主位。恐龙为什么能在生物灭绝的天灾中得以生存,并于灾后蓬勃发展?晚三叠世至早侏罗世早期是地球历史上典型的温室时期,地球两极不
简述出版物目录、订单的设计和编写要求。
因延付或者拒付租金的诉讼时效期间为()。
女,65岁,胸透发现左肺病灶,CT检查如图,最可能的CT诊断为
为了进行尿细胞成分的检查,留取的尿标本应加入(),
郑州铁路局所属的一辆客运火车行驶至武汉辖区内时,一名乘客因窗外飞进来一块石子而被砸伤,因火车正在行驶中,事后已经无法找到肇事者。现旅客欲起诉郑州铁路局对乘客人身安全保护不利。下列关于本案的管辖正确的是:
(2003)居住建筑室内通风设计中,下列哪条不符合规定?
“对不起,您又迟到了。”这样的提醒比“喂,你们安静一下”“以后不能再迟到了”等命令式语言要好得多。()
简述评剧的产生和发展。
在某种意义上,网上匿名与我们在现实世界中视为理所当然的一些情况是类似的。驾驶汽车、穿越边境、搭乘飞机时,要求公民携带证件,它虽然构成了对我们的自由的一种侵犯,但因为这样做减少了真实存在的风险,我们也就乐于接受这些要求。然而,如果要求每个购物者每次进商店时都
最新回复
(
0
)