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  3. Smallholder farmers resettled to rainforests by the Brazilian government have played an unrecognised role in deforestation there

Smallholder farmers resettled to rainforests by the Brazilian government have played an unrecognised role in deforestation there

admin2016-01-29  14
问题     Smallholder farmers resettled to rainforests by the Brazilian government have played an unrecognised role in deforestation there—something researchers worry is continuing unabated.
    Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff boasted last month that her government had reduced annual forest loss by two-thirds in the past decade, and would end it altogether by 2030. Yet while overall deforestation has fallen, Brazilian researchers reveal that the country’s officials are still organising the large-scale migration of poor farmers who have been wrecking the rainforest. While the government has clamped down on illegal forest clearance by big landowners running cattle ranches and soya farms, its social resettlement schemes to allocate land to the rural poor are doing more damage than previously estimated.
    The researchers looked at four decades of satellite images of forest cover around the homes of more than a million migrants in some 1900 Amazon settlements established by the government’s National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform(INCRA)since 1970. They found "irrefutable evidence of rapid deforestation" after the settlers arrived. Within the settlement areas, which cover roughly the size of the UK, half the trees have been lost, says a Brazilian researcher.
    The resettlement areas cover 5. 3 percent of the Brazilian Amazon, but have been responsible for 13.5 percent of deforestation since 1970. "Agrarian settlements have been widely hailed as a socially responsible strategy to allocate land to the rural poor," says Schneider. "But INCRA’s policy of giving settlers just a few hectares forces them to convert every inch of land to agriculture. Our research shows that the result is severe deforestation at the taxpayer’s expense. "
    INCRA officials, who were unavailable for comment ahead of the paper’s publication, have often argued that deforestation occurs before settlers arrive. But Schneider says the findings refute this. Charles Clement of Brazil’s National Institute of Amazonian Research in Manaus, says: " INCRA abandons the settlers as soon as they arrive. They seldom get guidance about how to manage Amazonian forests , so they try to practise the farming methods they grew up with. But they soon discover that the soils cannot sustain these methods, which leads them to carry out more deforestation. "
    Overall, Amazon deforestation is much reduced from a decade ago, says Schneider. But he worries that the deforestation from resettled smallholder farmers will go on unabated. Even though INCRA launched a green settlement programme aimed at curbing illegal deforestation by settlers in 2012, its effectiveness is yet to be assessed, Schneider says. To really address the problem, he adds, the government should stop moving people into forested areas. One solution would be to switch settlement schemes from existing forests to former forests that are now degraded pastures.
Why do settlers wreck the forest around their homes?
选项 A、They are deserted by the INCRA to live on their own.
B、They cannot acquire enough guidance from the government.
C、The farming methods they are familiar with are backward.
D、The soils in the rainforests are too barren to produce crops.
答案B
解析 细节题。根据题干定位到倒数第二段。问题为“移居者为什么破坏住所周围的森林?”移居者们因得到的指导很少，所以只能用自己的耕作方法进行农业生产，但是很快土壤就不能承受这种方法，这就是他们继续砍伐森林、开垦土地的原因。[B]选项符合原文，故正确。[A]选项只是前提条件，并不是主要原因，可排除。原文对移居者所用的耕作方法落后与否并未进行评价。这种方法不适合雨林地区，但不一定就表示方法落后，所以[C]选项可排除。[D]选项内容在文中并未涉及，可排除。
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