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  3. Americans are much more likely than citizens of other nations to believe that they live in a meritocracy, i. e. government by pe

Americans are much more likely than citizens of other nations to believe that they live in a meritocracy, i. e. government by pe

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问题     Americans are much more likely than citizens of other nations to believe that they live in a meritocracy, i. e. government by people selected according to merit. But this self-image is a fantasy: America actually stands out as the advanced country in which it matters most who your parents were, the country in which those born on one of society’s lower rungs have the least chance of climbing to the top or even to the middle.
    And if you ask why America is more class-bound in practice than the rest of the Western world, a large part of the reason is that our government falls down on the job of creating equal opportunity.
    The failure starts early: in America, the holes in the social safety net mean that both low-income mothers and their children are all too likely to suffer from poor nutrition and receive inadequate health care. It continues once children reach school age, where they encounter a system in which the affluent send their kids to good, well-financed public schools or, if they choose, to private schools, while less-advantaged children get a far worse education.
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答案 与其他国家的民众相比，美国人更容易相信自己是生活在精英管理的社会里。但是，这种自我意象是一种幻觉，美国作为先进国家的独特之处在于出生门第至关重要，在这个国家，出生社会下层的人爬到顶层或者哪怕中层的可能性微乎其微。 如果你要问，在现实当中，美国为何比西方世界的其他国家更受制于阶级出身，重要的原因在于我们的政府未能履行创造均等机会的职责。 这一失误很早就开始了：在美国，社会安全网存在漏洞，也就是低收入的母亲及其子女都极容易出现营养不良，而且得不到充分的医疗保健。孩子到了入学年龄，问题还在持续。在他们面临的体制中，富人把他们的孩子送进条件优越、经费充裕的公立学校，或者他们愿意的话，就进私立学校，而家境较差的孩子所接受的教育要差得多。
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