首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
That man is an aggressive creature will hardly be disputed. With the exception of certain rodents, no other vertebrate habituall
That man is an aggressive creature will hardly be disputed. With the exception of certain rodents, no other vertebrate habituall
admin
2010-06-18
63
问题
That man is an aggressive creature will hardly be disputed. With the exception of certain rodents, no other vertebrate habitually destroys members of his own species. No other animal takes positive pleasure in the exercise of cruelty upon another of his own kind. We generally describe the most disgusting examples of man’s cruelty as brutal, implying by these adjectives that such behavior is characteristic of less highly developed animals than ourselves. In truth, however, the extremes of "brutal" behavior are confined to man; and there is no parallel in nature to our savage treatment of each other. The depressing fact is that we are the cruelest and most ruthless species that has ever walked the earth; and that, although we may shrink back in horror when we read in newspaper or history book of the brutalities committed by man upon man, we know in our hearts that each one of us harbors within ourselves those same savage impulses which lead to murder, to torture and to war.
To write about human aggression is a difficult task because the term is used in so many different senses. Aggression is one of those words which every one knows, but which is nevertheless hard to define. As psychologists use it, it covers a very wide range of human behavior. The red-faced infant squalling for the bottle is being aggressive; and so is the judge who awards a thirty-year sentence for robbery. The guard in a concentration camp who tortures his helpless victim is obviously acting aggressively. Less manifestly, but no less certainly, so is the neglected wife who threatens or attempts suicide in order to regain her husband’s affection. When a word becomes so diffusely applied that it is used both of the competitive striving of a footballer and also of the bloody violence of a murderer, it ought either to be dropped or else more closely defined. Aggression is a combined term which is fairly bursting at its junctions. Yet until we can more clearly designate and comprehend the various aspects of human behavior which are subsumed under this head, we cannot discard the concept.
One difficulty is that there is no clear dividing line between those forms of aggression which we all deplore and those which we must not disown if we are to survive. When a child rebels against authority it is being aggressive; but it is also manifesting a drive towards independence which is a necessary and valuable part of growing up. The desire for power has, in extreme form, disastrous aspects which we all acknowledge; but the drive to conquer difficulties, or to gain mastery over the external world underlies the greatest of human achievements. Some writers define aggression as "that response which follows frustration", or as "an act whose goal-response is injury to an organism (or organism surrogate)". In the author’s view these definitions impose limits upon the concept of aggression which are not in accord with the underlying facts of human nature which the word is attempting to express. It is worth noticing, for instance, that the words we use to describe intellectual effort are aggressive words. We attack problems, or get our teeth into them. We master a subject when we have struggled with and overcome its difficulties. We sharpen our wits, hoping that our mind will develop a keen edge in order that we may better divide a problem into its component parts. Although intellectual tasks are often frustrating, to argue that all intellectual effort is the result of frustration is to impose too negative a coloring upon the positive impulse to comprehend and master the external world.
In the author’s view, man is unique in ______.
选项
A、his savage treatment of his own kind
B、enjoying watching disgusting acts of violence
C、gaining pleasure from brutally treating animals
D、his strong impulse to tackle intellectual problems
答案
A
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/cUlO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
I’dliketodiscusssomeofthewaysresearcherstrytomeasurequalityoflifeorwell-beingandthedifficultieswithsuchmea
SincetheendofWorldWarII,abroadconsensusinsupportofglobaleconomicintegrationasaforceforpeaceandprosperityh
OnceshamewasaveryBritishemotion.Itgovernedpeople’sliveslongafterstocksandduckingstoolswereabolished.Shakespea
BengtHolmstrom,aprofessoratMIT,isslatedtoacceptaNobelPrizeineconomicsnextmonthforhispath-breakingcontributio
A______isavarietyoflanguagethatservesasamediumofcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplefordiverselinguisticbackgro
AccordingtoLandes,somecountriesaresopoormainlybecauseItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatotherhistorians
IntheAgeofGenetics,younolongerhavetotrytocutoutsmokingorthinktwiceaboutgobblingthatcandybarinyourdeskd
Inanaturaldisaster--ahurricane,flood,tornado,volcaniceruption,orothercalamity--minutesandevensecondsofwarnin
奥林匹克运动会可以追溯到古代。希腊人喜欢各种运动,因为运动能使身体强健。他们每四年举行一次运动会,成千上万的人聚集在广阔的平原上,欣赏来自希腊各地的成人和儿童的竞技。运动项目有赛跑、摔跤、赛马、战车比赛等等。有成人的比赛项目,也有儿童的比赛项目。在
TheProblemsofTakingEnglishCoursesThroughEnglishWhenstudentstakecoursesthroughthemediumofEnglish,theyhaveto
随机试题
在四年制的护理专业中,基础课程与专业课程分别安排在前两年与后两年修完。这种护理课程设置模式为()
“白斑肾”是指肾脏发生()。
利用随机数表、随机数生成器或随机数骰子来抽取样本的方法,取之为()法。
根据《反洗钱法》,银行业金融机构在反洗钱方面应承担的义务有()。
在第三版巴塞尔资本协议中,新引入的用来反映压力状态下商业银行短期流动性水平的指标是()。
公路长途货运一般采用直达行驶法和()的行车组织方式。
王叔叔闲来无事,于是决定自己创业给企业装空调。2015年1月1日,经人介绍,香香食品公司与王叔叔约定,香香食品公司在A市14个店面的空调都由王叔叔安装。双方于当天签订了一份以完成一定工作任务为期限的劳动合同。根据劳动合同法律制度的规定,下列选项的表述中,正
公文落款处所标明的日期是指()。
下列关于微软Word“查找”操作的说法中,正确的是()。
阅读以下史料,结合相关背景知识,分析古巴比伦社会的等级制度和奴隶制度。《汉谟拉比法典》(节录)第七条自由民从自由民之子或自由民之奴隶手中买得或为之保管银或金。或奴隶,或女奴,或牛,或羊,或驴,或不论任何物,而无证人及契约者,是为窃贼,
最新回复
(
0
)