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  3. 　　Parents should not assume that young children’s natural language abilities will lead to true grown-up language skills without

　　Parents should not assume that young children’s natural language abilities will lead to true grown-up language skills without

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问题 　　Parents should not assume that young children’s natural language abilities will lead to true grown-up language skills without a good deal of effort. Erika Hoff, a developmental psychologist who is a professor at Florida Atlantic University and the lead author of a 2015 review article on bilingual development, said: "For everybody trying to raise a bilingual child, whatever your background and reason, it’ s very important to realize that acquiring a language requires massive exposure to that language."
    Pediatricians routinely advise parents to talk as much as possible to their young children, to read to them and sing to them. Part of the point is to increase their language exposure, a major concern even for children growing up with only one language. And in order to foster language development, the exposure has to be person-to-person; screen time doesn’t count for learning language in young children—even one language—though kids can learn content and vocabulary from educational screen time later on. "For bilingual development, the child will need exposure to both languages," Dr. Hoff said, "and that’s really difficult in a monolingual environment, which is what the U.S. is."
    "A child who is learning two languages will have a smaller vocabulary in each than a child who is only learning one; there are only so many hours in the day, and you’re either hearing English or Spanish," Dr. Hoff said. The children will be fine, though, she said. They may mix the languages, but that doesn’t indicate confusion. "Adult bilinguals mix their languages all the time; it’s a sign of language ability," she said.
    Dr. Hoff works in South Florida, where there is a very educated and affluent population raising children in Spanish and English. "The children start out as baby bilinguals, but the older they get, the more English overtakes Spanish," she said. "The ones who are successful bilinguals as adults are still much better in English than they are in Spanish—they didn’ t go to school in Spanish, they don’ t read books in Spanish, and when you actually measure the size of their vocabularies, or the grammar they understand, or the coherence of the narrative they produce, they are not as proficient as they are in English." Parents will need to be mindful about introducing the child to literacy in that language. They will need to be thoughtful about ways they will encourage the child to maintain the language.
According to Professor Erika Hoff, when raising a bilingual child, parents________.
选项 A、ought to put great emphasis on language environment
B、need make no great efforts
C、should take their own backgrounds into consideration
D、might trust their children’ s innate language ability
答案A
解析 细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第一段最后一句。由关键信息require s massive exposure to that language可知，培养双语孩子需要孩子大量接触相关语言，把他们放在一定的语言环境中，因此A项正确。B项意为培养双语孩子“不需要做出艰苦的努力”，而该段第一句则在强调孩子掌握成人语言技能需要做出努力，故错误。C项意为培养双语孩子需要“考虑父母的背景”，由该段最后一句关键信息whatever your background(不管你的背景如何)可知，背景对培养双语孩子来说并不是主要因素，故错误。D项意为培养双语孩子父母“应相信孩子天生的语言能力”，与首句表述相悖。故本题选A。
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