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  3. Marteza Hasani fled Afghanistan in 2005 when he was six years old. During the war there, he found his father’s body, in front of

Marteza Hasani fled Afghanistan in 2005 when he was six years old. During the war there, he found his father’s body, in front of

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问题     Marteza Hasani fled Afghanistan in 2005 when he was six years old. During the war there, he found his father’s body, in front of his family home. That was the first of many unimaginable traumas he faced before arriving in Germany as a refugee in 2015. "I couldn’t get the image of my father out of my head," he says.
    Hasani is one of more than 100 refugees who have taken part in a study to examine how mental health can be damaged by such traumas—it is perhaps the largest and most detailed of young refugees’ psychological status carried out so far. Young people who flee their countries are already at greater risk of developing mental-health problems than is the general population. Migration itself is known to be a factor in developing such disorders—but many refugees also experience violent and life-threatening events before and during their flight. The latest study is the first to try to quantify how these events affect psychiatric problems—and it finds that the risk of developing mental-health problems, and their severity, rise significantly with each accumulated trauma a person has experienced.
    Environmental stressors can increase the risk of young people developing psychiatric disorders, particularly if they already have a slight genetic predisposition. These range from experiencing or witnessing violence to migration and living in cities. In a 2014 study, Ehrenreich showed that even being the child of a migrant constitutes such a risk.
    Neurologist and psychiatrist Martin Begemann conducted detailed physical, psychological and cognitive examinations of each participant. He asked about their traumatic experiences, which often included torture, slavery and physical abuse. He found scars from gunshot wounds, stabbings, explosions, burns and electric shocks on 40％ of the participants. Begemann then conducted interviews to determine whether the participants showed signs of depression, psychosis or cognitive difficulties. He organized psychiatric treatment for those who needed it.
    The researchers used their assessments to quantify a person’s overall risk of mental-health problems, and found that this rose stepwise with the number of risk factors experienced. In addition, refugees’ ability to cope with daily life declined with each additional trauma. The team also found some factors that had been thought to be "psychologically protective", such as fleeing with a family member or a friend, didn’t seem to mitigate the effects of the negative stressors.
    The authors note that stressors continue in host nations—for example, poor living conditions, multiple relocations, social exclusion and hostility towards refugees because they are foreigners. Stressful conditions such as these in many centres only add to the risk and the latest work emphasizes this, says Peter Ventevogel, senior mental-health officer at the UN Refugee Agency. For participants such as Hasani, the study was beneficial because it led him into psychiatric therapy. "Now I am feeling better and can sleep," he says.
Which of the following may be the best title of the text?
选项 A、Mental Health Crisis among Migrants
B、A True Story about Marteza Hasani
C、Great Pressure on Refugee Centres
D、Study about Refugees’ Current Status
答案A
解析 文章第一段以马尔特扎.哈萨尼的经历为例子，引出全文文章主题，即难民的心理健康问题。在第二段中，提出了本文的主题，即逃离国土的年轻人已经比一般人面临更大的心理健康问题的风险，并提到对此进行的研究。第三段描述了环境压力因素会增加年轻人患精神疾病的风险。第四段和第五段是此项研究的具体内容以及得出的结论：一个人心理健康问题的总体风险会随着经历的创伤数量的增加而增加。最后一段提到许多难民中心的压力因素也会增加心理健康问题的风险。所以整篇文章围绕的中心是难民的心理健康危机，因此，A项为答案。B项马尔特扎.哈萨尼的真实故事，只是作者为了引出全文所举的例子，并不能作为全文主旨，故排除；C项难民中心面临巨大压力，只在文章的最后一段才提及，并不能概括全文论点，应排除；D项难民现状的研究，确实包含了本文的内容，但是难民研究的范围非常广阔，作为文章题目过于宽泛，文章的重点是其中一个很小的方面的具体内容，即难民的心理健康风险，故排除。
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