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  3. Traditionally, the labor market is seen as a mechanism for pairing people with jobs in which matching cannot take place instantl

Traditionally, the labor market is seen as a mechanism for pairing people with jobs in which matching cannot take place instantl

admin2014-04-20  57
问题     Traditionally, the labor market is seen as a mechanism for pairing people with jobs in which matching cannot take place instantly. This way of thinking about the jobs market owes an intellectual debt to research on markets with search frictions carried out by Peter Diamond of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dale Mortensen of Northwestern University and Christopher Pissarides of the London School of Economics. On October 11th they were awarded this year’s Nobel Prize for Economics for their work.     The economists’ approach was a sharp break from the norm in the early 1970s, when standard economic models mostly treated labor as a commodity which had the worker’s wage as its price. There could be no unemployment in the simplest versions of these models, because wages would fall instantly to eliminate it. True, few economists took these simple models literally: lots of research was done to modify their assumptions and generate more realistic results, often by making it harder for wages to fall. But even the modified models took little note of data on how people flowed into and out of employment. The stretches of unemployment, the job hunts, the moves from job to job, the rate at which workers were fired or hired: all this was absent. Mr. Mortensen argued that this needed to change. Investigating the way people actually went about finding jobs in an uncertain environment, he believed, should be a central concern of the analysis of labor markets.
    The three economists built upon earlier work by George Stigler, who had studied the process by which people acquired information, and who won the Nobel prize himself in 1982. Pointing out that getting information costs time and effort, Mr. Stigler argued that people would do so only as long as the additional benefits of having more information exceeded the additional costs of acquiring it. Mr. Mortensen saw this framework as a useful way of thinking about labor markets, because finding employment in a decentralized labor market typically involves gathering and evaluating information on vacancies and wages.
    Mr. Diamond modeled this job-search process in a series of seminal papers written between 1979 and 1982. One was based on the premise that not all jobs are equally suitable for all workers. The first person offered a job might not be as good a match for it as the second or third person. So if every unemployed person grabbed the first job that came his way, the match between workers and jobs that resulted would not be optimal. By making it possible for workers to be more selective about the jobs they accepted, Mr. Diamond showed, unemployment insurance would improve the efficiency of the labor market.  
Mr. Diamond’s attitude towards unemployment insurance is one of______.
选项 A、strong discontent
B、slight suspicion
C、moderate approval
D、enthusiastic support
答案C
解析 态度题。戴尔蒙德先生对失业保险的态度可以由全文最后一句话进行分析。该句的含义是：戴尔蒙德先生认为，通过让劳动者有机会对其接受的工作进行挑选，失业保险可能会提高劳动力市场的效能。可见，在他看来失业保险在提到高工作匹配度的效率方面是有益的。可见，说他对失业保险的态度为“适度赞成”是比较恰当的评价。故[C]为答案。四个选项中比较容易排除[A]与[B]。[A]“强烈反对”和[B]“轻度怀疑”都是负面含义，显然与戴尔蒙德先生谈到的积极意义相抵触。[D]“热烈支持”，言过其实，原文只是提到了失业保险可能具有的一个益处，但并没有欢呼雀跃的含义，故排除[D]。
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