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  3. Smallholder farmers resettled to rainforests by the Brazilian government have played an unrecognised role in deforestation there

Smallholder farmers resettled to rainforests by the Brazilian government have played an unrecognised role in deforestation there

admin2016-01-29  36
问题     Smallholder farmers resettled to rainforests by the Brazilian government have played an unrecognised role in deforestation there—something researchers worry is continuing unabated.
    Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff boasted last month that her government had reduced annual forest loss by two-thirds in the past decade, and would end it altogether by 2030. Yet while overall deforestation has fallen, Brazilian researchers reveal that the country’s officials are still organising the large-scale migration of poor farmers who have been wrecking the rainforest. While the government has clamped down on illegal forest clearance by big landowners running cattle ranches and soya farms, its social resettlement schemes to allocate land to the rural poor are doing more damage than previously estimated.
    The researchers looked at four decades of satellite images of forest cover around the homes of more than a million migrants in some 1900 Amazon settlements established by the government’s National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform(INCRA)since 1970. They found "irrefutable evidence of rapid deforestation" after the settlers arrived. Within the settlement areas, which cover roughly the size of the UK, half the trees have been lost, says a Brazilian researcher.
    The resettlement areas cover 5. 3 percent of the Brazilian Amazon, but have been responsible for 13.5 percent of deforestation since 1970. "Agrarian settlements have been widely hailed as a socially responsible strategy to allocate land to the rural poor," says Schneider. "But INCRA’s policy of giving settlers just a few hectares forces them to convert every inch of land to agriculture. Our research shows that the result is severe deforestation at the taxpayer’s expense. "
    INCRA officials, who were unavailable for comment ahead of the paper’s publication, have often argued that deforestation occurs before settlers arrive. But Schneider says the findings refute this. Charles Clement of Brazil’s National Institute of Amazonian Research in Manaus, says: " INCRA abandons the settlers as soon as they arrive. They seldom get guidance about how to manage Amazonian forests , so they try to practise the farming methods they grew up with. But they soon discover that the soils cannot sustain these methods, which leads them to carry out more deforestation. "
    Overall, Amazon deforestation is much reduced from a decade ago, says Schneider. But he worries that the deforestation from resettled smallholder farmers will go on unabated. Even though INCRA launched a green settlement programme aimed at curbing illegal deforestation by settlers in 2012, its effectiveness is yet to be assessed, Schneider says. To really address the problem, he adds, the government should stop moving people into forested areas. One solution would be to switch settlement schemes from existing forests to former forests that are now degraded pastures.
It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that______.
选项 A、the settlers must be involved in the forest loss in the settlement areas
B、deforestation in the settlement areas occurs before settlers arrive
C、satellite images are the strongest evidence in the deforestation research
D、about half of the trees in the settlement areas have been lost
答案A
解析 推断题。根据题干定位到第三段。关键句：They found“irrefutable evidence of rapiddeforestation”after the settlers arrived．“研究员找到了移民到来后‘森林快速退化的不可否认的证据’。”由此可以推断出“安置区域内的森林减少和移居者有关”，所以[A]选项正确。[B]选项说“在移居者到来之前，安置区内就已经有滥伐森林现象了”，虽然该内容在文中有涉及，但并非与题干相关，可排除。[C]选项“卫星图像是森林砍伐研究中最有力的证据”并未在原文提及，也无法依据文中内容推断出来，可排除。[D]选项内容虽然符合原文，但与题干无关，可排除。
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