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  3. IT has become fashionable in many architectural circles to declare the death of drawing. What has happened to our profession, an

IT has become fashionable in many architectural circles to declare the death of drawing. What has happened to our profession, an

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问题     IT has become fashionable in many architectural circles to declare the death of drawing. What has happened to our profession, and our art, to cause the supposed end of our most powerful means of conceptualizing and representing architecture?
    The computer, of course.【R1】______For centuries, the noun "digit" has been defined as "finger," but now its adjectival form, "digital," relates to data. Are our hands becoming obsolete as creative tools? Are they being replaced by machines? And where does that leave the architectural creative process?
    Today architects typically use computer-aided design software with names like AutoCAD and Revit, a tool for "building information modeling. " Buildings are no longer just designed visually and spatially; they are "computed" via interconnected databases.
    I’ve been practicing architecture since 1964, and my office is not immune.【R2】______There’s nothing inherently problematic about that, as long as it’s not just that. Architecture cannot divorce itself from drawing, no matter how impressive the technology gets.
    【R3】______This last statement is absolutely crucial to the difference between those who draw to conceptualize architecture and those who use the computer.
    But can the value of drawings be simply that of a collector’s artifact or a pretty picture? No. I have a real purpose in making each drawing, either to remember something or to study something. Each one is part of a process and not an end in itself. I’m personally fascinated not just by what architects choose to draw but also by what they choose not to draw.
    For decades I have argued that architectural drawing can be divided into three types, which I call the "referential sketch," the "preparatory study" and the "definitive drawing. "【R4】______But what about the other two? What is their value in the creative process?
    The referential sketch serves as a visual diary, a record of an architect’s discovery. It can be as simple as a shorthand notation of a design concept or can describe details of a larger composition. It might not even be a drawing that relates to a building or any time in history. It’s not likely to represent "reality," but rather to capture an idea. These sketches are thus inherently fragmentary and selective. The drawing is a reminder of the idea that caused me to record it in the first place. That visceral connection, that thought process, cannot be replicated by a computer.
    The second type of drawing, the preparatory study, is typically part of a progression of drawings that elaborate a design. Like the referential sketch, it may not reflect a linear process. I find computer-aided design much more linear.【R5】______
[A]Like most architects, we routinely use these and other software programs, especially for construction documents, but also for developing designs and making presentations.
[B]I personally like to draw on translucent yellow tracing paper, which allows me to layer one drawing on top of another, building on what I’ve drawn before and, again, creating a personal, emotional connection with the work.
[C]As documentation produced by architects, typically drawings, plans and technical specifications, architecture defines the structure of a building or any other kind of system that is to be or has been constructed.
[D]With its tremendous ability to organize and present data, the computer is transforming every aspect of how architects work, from sketching their first impressions of an idea to creating complex construction documents for contractors.
[E]Drawings are not just end products: they are part of the thought process of architectural design, expressing the interaction of our minds, eyes and hands.
[F]The definitive drawing, the final and most developed of the three, is almost universally produced on the computer nowadays, and that is appropriate.
[G]Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology.
【R5】
选项
答案B
解析 本段主要讲述手工绘图的第二个阶段：the preparatory study，空格前讲到作者认为该阶段是精心进行图纸设计过程的一部分，它是非线性的，这一点是不同于电脑绘图的，那么准确理解linear一词的含义是解答本题的关键所在，电脑绘图是线性的，它要按照严格的程序进行，而手工绘图却可以让建筑师展开想象，充分发挥自己的想法和感受。[B]的意思完全符合上文的逻辑，这里作者再次以自己的实际经验为例，说明了他本人就很喜欢在图纸上作画，随意记录自己的想法，调整画作的顺序，作者用自己的经验说明他对手绘建筑图纸的观点，因此正确答案为[B]。
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