首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Modes of Transportation There are a variety of means for transportation. Usually, the choice of transportation depends on the
Modes of Transportation There are a variety of means for transportation. Usually, the choice of transportation depends on the
admin
2010-01-18
64
问题
Modes of Transportation
There are a variety of means for transportation. Usually,
the choice of transportation depends on the【1】___________ of goods 【1】________
and the points of distribution.
There are five major means of transportation: railroads,
airplanes, ships, trucks, and pipelines. Often, goods may be
transported by a combination of【2】_______________ 【2】_________
Railroads are best adapted to the transportation of
【3】_________________ products that are low in value in relation to their 【3】_________
weight. Truck lines are effective for transporting high-value
goods short distances. With the【4】_______ , trucks can reach 【4】_________
almost every destination without【5】_________ goods. Air freight 【5】_________
used to be a means to speed【6】___________ or expensive but light 【6】_________
products, but this changed with the introduction of【7】___________ 【7】_________
Transportation by waterways is characterized by low cost and
low speed. A new development is the use of【8】________ ships. 【8】_________
Pipelines are a special form of transportation mainly used
to move gasoline, crude oil and【9】___________ , but they can also 【9】_________
move【10】____________ like coal. 【10】_________
【2】
Modes of Transportation
There are many means of transportation, and each has its advantages and disadvantages. Sometimes, however, the nature of the goods and the points of distribution limit a firm’s transportation choices. Messages can be transported by wire, airwaves, and beams of light; McDonald’s hamburgers cannot.
Railroads, airplanes, ships, trucks, and pipelines are our major means of transportation. Goods are often transported by a combination of carriers. Truck trailers, for example, are loaded on flatcars and transported by rail to their destination, where a tractor hitches up to the trailer and speeds the goods on to another point. Ships and barges also are equipped to carry trailers.
The important factors to be considered by a manager who must select modes of transportation are cost and time, for shipping time is an important cost. g recent study of how best to ship fancy fruits from the Pacific Northwest to Scandinavia showed that it would be profitable to fly them by jet-cargo aircraft. The question then arose about what cargo should be flown back. After extensive study, it was decided that the return cargo should be automobiles.
Railroads are best adapted to the transportation of bulk products that are low in value in relation to their weight and that must travel great distances. Because trains can go only where there are tracks, railroads can directly serve only points on railroad lines. Piggyback loading of trailers, however, allows the advantages of rail and truck combinations.
Truck lines are effective for hauling high-value goods short distances. The highway system permits trucks to reach almost every point in the nation and make deliveries directly to destinations without transferring goods. Trucks can stop within a city and move freely from warehouse to retailer and from retailer to consumer. In combination with railroads, trucks can move goods long distances and make delivery directly without unloading and reloading.
Over the past two decades, the use of air freight has increased greatly. Once thought of as a means to speed perishables or expensive but light products, air freight now uses high speed, supercargo planes, developed for military operations, to move bulk goods. If tanks and cannons can be carried by plane, so can many industrial and consumer products. Containerization permits more efficient use of space in planes, and the speed of air transport allows great efficiency.
Helicopters have been used to ship large items that could not conveniently be carried by other means. Whole fabricated houses have been moved by helicopters from factory to home site, set on the foundation, and made livable by nightfall. The airplane can land only at airports. The helicopter can land almost anywhere. In rugged timber country, it has proved cheaper to use helicopters than to build roads for trucks.
Waterways have long served for transportation. Cargo ships and barges move bulky goods at low cost—and low speed. The loading of truck trailers directly onto ships and barges brings some flexibility to water transportation. Barges moved by tugboats have long been used to move railroad cars. To overcome bad weather, even submarine transport has been tried.
New developments in water transportation include container ships, Large quantities of goods can be stored in their holds and also in standardized and easy-to-handle containers on the decks. New superships—the oil tankers—are too big for many harbors, so offshore ports are being constructed for unloading.
Pipelines are a special form of transportation used mainly to move gasoline, crude oil, and natural gas. It is now possible to move different petroleum products through a pipeline at the same time. Some solids have also been moved by pipeline. The Cleveland Electric Company uses a great deal of coal. When railroad freight rates rose, the company built a pipeline from the coal mines in West Virginia to Cleveland. The coal was ground into a powder that was mixed with water to form a slush. The slush was hydraulically moved through the pipeline to Cleveland, where it was dried and burned. Many solid products could be moved in this manner. Pipelines usually move fluids, but in the future air or hydraulic action may help to move many other goods through them.
Now, you have 2 minutes to check your notes, and then complete the gap-filling task on Answer Sheet One in ten minutes.
(a 12-minute interval)
选项
答案
carriers/means
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/fPvO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Theneuroscientistdidastudyinordertotellwhetherchildrenwillfeelthepaindifferentlyiftoldhowitwillhurt.
Theneuroscientistdidastudyinordertotellwhetherchildrenwillfeelthepaindifferentlyiftoldhowitwillhurt.
ThecitywaterpipesinRomewereusuallyofbakedclayorlead;copperwassometimesusedandalsohollowedstone.Forthelarg
与政府存在合约关系的美国公司经常面临这样的选择,究竟购买价格昂贵的本土产品,还是价格低廉的外来产品。如果公司选择购买本土产品,可能会因为未能把价格压低而激怒纳税人。但如果购买外来产品,则可能让美国工人面临失业危机。最近,美国国会通过法律,勒令与政府签过合同
中国赢得2010年世界博览会的举办权,靠的是国际社会对中国改革开放的支持和信心。这次博览会将是自1851年在英国伦敦第一次举办以来,首次在发展中国家举办的世界博览会,它表达了全世界人民对中国未来发展的期望。2010年上海世博会的主题是“城市,让生
过度看电视对身体有害。但如果有节制地观看,那么我们就能从中受益,因为它可以起到放松、娱乐和教育的作用。关键词汇:harmful:有害的;constantly:经常;moderate:适度的,relaxation:放松。这句话要注意的是代词it所指的内容,要
我国首次月球探测工程的成功,实现了中华民族的千年奔月梦想,开启了中国人走向深空探索宇宙奥秘的时代,标志着我国已经进入世界具有深空探测能力的国家行列。这是我国推进自主创新、建设创新型国家取得的又一标志性成果,是中华民族在攀登世界科技高峰征程上实现的又一历史性
英国目前最严重的经济问题是通货膨胀。受到资本和资产投资过热推波助澜的通货膨胀,如果再遇工资猛增,将雪上加霜。关键词汇:inflation:通货膨胀;accelerated:被提高,被增加;overheated:过热;threatened:被威胁;wage
Doesusingawordprocessoraffectawriter’sstyle?Themediumusuallydoesdosomethingtothemessageafterall,evenifMars
随机试题
A.寒痰B.热痰C.燥痰D.湿痰痰黄稠有块者,多属
患者男,68岁。因急腹症入院,急救过程中先后出现少尿、肺水肿、呼吸困难、嗜睡、意识障碍,消化道出血等症状,应诊断为
患者,女,33岁。结婚5年未孕,月经规则,自觉胸脘痞闷,带下量多、色白、质黏,舌苔白腻,脉细滑。妇科检查:子宫如孕2个月大小,宫底部明显突出,质硬,B型超声波检查为单个结节,血红蛋白90g/L。应首选的治疗措施是
(2010)采用偏心核心筒的高层住宅,其优点是()。
下列各项中,属于行政处罚的有()。
下列各项中,属于会计行政法规的有()。
根据《贷款通则》,借款人可以是法人、其他经济组织、个体工商户和自然人。()
绿色物流是指以降低对环境的污染、减少资源消耗为目标,利用先进物流技术规划和实施运输、储存、包装、装卸、流通加工等的物流活动。根据上述定义,下列各项不符合绿色物流内涵的一项是()。
把法律解释分为文义解释、历史解释、体系解释、目的解释,其划分标准是()。
软件设计阶段产生的文档是______。
最新回复
(
0
)