A、It says that animals are a source of social support and companionship. B、It says that an animal or a plant can be a "self-obje

M: Maybe I should put the picture in my presentation. It may look quite convincing.
W: You are probably right. And then the author points out the long-standing thought about the relationship between wolves and dogs and more importantly he challenges this thought.
M: What do you mean by challenging this thought?
W: (6) The author points out that even though dogs share 99.6% of the same DNA as wolves, which makes dogs closer to wolves than we are to chimps, it does not mean that their brains work like those of wolves.
M: Oh I see. But is it necessary for me to put that into my presentation? I couldn’t see any sense in there.
W: Well, that depends, unless you want to shed some light on explaining how dogs got to be dogs in the first stage, which will lead to a better understanding of what dogs and people mean to each other.
M: OK. I will consider that then.
W: After introducing the history of dogs, you can move on to present more pictures about dogs of our times.
M; Good idea! I can download lovely photos from the Internet. There are lots of pictures and videos about all sorts of smart dogs.
W: That sounds fun. (7-1) Then what will you present next about dogs?
M: Um, (7-2) I am considering how we human beings benefit from the bond with dogs.
W: Good idea. But you have to get some convincing theories to support your idea.
M: Yes. (8)I searched the Internet and found that there were three major theories concerning the human-canine bond, known as the biophilia hypothesis, the social support theory, and the self psychology.
W: They sound quite academic. What are these theories mainly about?
M: (9) According to the biophilia hypothesis, human relationships with non-human animals are driven by survival needs: assistance in acquiring food and safety. There is an instinctive bond between human beings and other living things, and this theory helps explain why ordinary people care for and sometimes risk their lives to save domestic and wild animals, and keep plants in and around their homes. The domestic animal demonstrates how humans love life and want to support and sustain life.
W: I see. How about the other two theories?
M: According to the social support theory, animals are a source of social support and companionship, which are necessary for well-being. Support is seen for the social support theory in the influence of a pet on an empty-nester family. In this view the animal is part of our community, and is important for psychological well-being.
W: True. Dogs have their extraordinary ability to enter our lives and our hearts.
M: The last theory, self psychology, says that an animal can be a "self-object". That gives a sense of cohesion, support, or sustenance to a person’s sense of self. (10) Self psychology explains why some animals are so crucial to a person’s sense of self and well-being. In some cases, individuals have been known to feel stronger, more protected, and more powerful in the company of their companion animal. The animal itself creates a human’s personality.
W: So have I heard that in some psychological therapies, dogs are advised to live with little kids with psychological problems such as autism. And it proves to be an effective cure.
M: It is amazing, isn’t it?
W: So is your idea for the presentation on dogs. I hope you can have a high score for that.
M: Thanks a million.
This is the end of Part Two of the conversation. Questions 6 to 10 are based on what you have just heard.
6. What do we know about the relationship between wolves and dogs?
7. What does the man probably present next about dogs after showing some lovely pictures?
8. Which theory is NOT mentioned by the man about the human-canine bond?
9. According to the biophilia hypothesis, what drives human relationships with non-human animals?
10. What do we know about self psychology?