首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Some of the most basic concepts of psychology were defined by Sigmund Freud and two of his followers, Alfred Adler and Carl Gust
Some of the most basic concepts of psychology were defined by Sigmund Freud and two of his followers, Alfred Adler and Carl Gust
admin
2010-04-28
26
问题
Some of the most basic concepts of psychology were defined by Sigmund Freud and two of his followers, Alfred Adler and Carl Gustav Jung.
Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist, was the founder of psychoanalysis and, some Would say, of modern psychology itself. The main hypothesis of Freud’s theory is that human behavior is determined primarily by unconscious motives. These unconscious motives can be discovered through the use of free association, that is, through talking out problems with the patient. Freud’s theory of personality involved three broad areas of investigation into human behavior: structural, dynamic, and developmental. Structurally, Freud divided the human personality into id, ego, and superego. The id is the completely unconscious part of self. It is the repository(资源) of one’s instinctual needs and drives. Freud posed that it consisted of everything psychological that was inherited.
The ego is the rational aspect of the personality. It governs the impulsive needs created by the id and decides which needs can and will be satisfied according to the conditions of the environment. The superego is the conscience, the ethical( 伦理的 ) or moral aspect of personality: It is formed by the traditional values and ideals of the society or culture in which a person is born. The superego strives for the ideal. The "con- science" part provides guilt feelings when moral values are violated. The "ego-ideal" part provides feelings of pride when the self acts in consonance with traditional values of the group.
Freud’s dynamic concepts involved instinct, libido, and anxiety. Generally, we term behavior as instinctive if it occurs without any apparent opportunity of its having been learned. Freud’s "instinct" differed in that it. refers to an inborn bodily condition represented by "wish" and "need". Libido is descriptive of one’s emotional or psychic energy. This energy enables life "instincts" to perform their work and is derived from primitive biological urges--for example, the sex drive. Thus, the libido is usually goal directed. Anxiety, in psychological terms, is an uncontrollable state of fear often unrelated to a specific object or event. Freud’s developmental concepts included identification, displacement, defense mechanisms and psycho- sexual stages. Identification labels the behavior of an individual who imitates another person or group( movie star, gangster, etc. ). Displacement occurs when the instinct is blocked and the frustrated energy is then diverted to substitute objects. Defense mechanisms (repression, projection, and reaction) describe behavior reacting to relieve extreme pressure and to defend the ego. Psychosexual stages refer to the five set stages of an individual, from birth through adolescence: oral (breast-sucking babyhood), anal (toilet-training period), phallic( 36 years’ development of sexual feelings), latancy (intermediate stage between phallic and be-ginning of puberty (青春期), and genital( formation of genuine relationships and the end of narcissism (自我陶醉)
Freud’s two disciples broke with the master largely over the centrality of sex in Freud’s theorizing. Alfred Adler maintained that man was more a social being than a sexual one, and that individuals are primarily motivated by social interests. Carl Jung also differed from Freud on what determines the motivation for human behavior. He stressed goal direction beyond childhood, as well as the influence of the ancestral past in such things as magic, power, and hero worship.
According to Freud’s developmental concepts at which stage of development is the individual LEAST likely to think of himself exclusively and outgrow what Freud calls "narcissistic behavior"?
选项
A、Oral
B、Anal
C、Phallic
D、Genital
答案
D
解析
答案在文章的第四段。可以看出四个选项是在谈到Psychosexual stages时提出的。最后一句话对genital的特点进行解释,因此可以推出D最为合适。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/iCqO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Transportationisthemovementorconveyingofpersonsandgoodsfromonelocationtoanother.Ashumanbeings,fromancienttim
Manyfirmsfailbecausewhentheybeginexportingtheyhavenotresearchedthetargetmarketsordevelopedaninternationalmark
OlderAmericansarelesshealthythantheirEnglishcounterparts,buttheyliveaslongasorevenlongerthantheirEnglishpee
A、Users’regularcommunication.B、ThedevelopmentofITtechnology.C、Relyingonuserstocreatecontent.D、Askinguserstobuil
A、Thebuswas45minuteslate.B、Thebusarrivedat8:45asscheduled.C、Thebuswasn’tlateaccordingtotheschedule.D、Thebu
A、Aboutthemiddleofthe18thcentury.B、Abouttheendofthe18thcentury.C、Aboutthemiddleofthe19thcentury.D、Aboutthe
Afteracenturyandahalfascordialneighbors,twoofthenation’sbiggestranchesfindthemselvesfeudingliketheHatfields
WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?U.S.lawmakers
WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
随机试题
中药的四气为
标准直齿圆柱齿的全齿高h=9mm,其模数为()。
老年女性,皮疹,四肢肌无力1个月,吞咽困难,胸闷半月。查体可见上眼睑紫红色斑伴眶周水肿,双肺呼吸音粗,双下肺可闻及细湿啰音,左手Ⅱ、ⅣPIP压痛,双上肢肌力Ⅲ级,双下肢肌力Ⅱ级。经分析,该患者初步诊断
下列哪一心音可作为心室舒张期开始的标志
甲公司为增值税一般纳税人,适用的增值税税率为17%。2017年12月31日,甲公司内部审计部门在审计过程中发现下列有关问题并要求会计部门予以更正。不考虑所得税影响。资料一:经董事会批准,自2017年1月1日起,甲公司将管理用设备的折旧年限由10年
—Lookatmystamps.—Theyarebeautiful!You’vegotawonderful________.
法国历史上的第一部共和制宪法是()。
下列对古罗马与古希腊建筑差异和联系的表述,不正确的一项走______。对希腊柱式“形容词”“动词”“语法”意义的依次解释,正确的一项是______。
[*]
A、Taiwan’sNationalistParty.B、PeopleFirstParty.C、DemocraticProgressiveParty.D、TheNewParty.A
最新回复
(
0
)