2. 外语
  3. Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i.

Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i.

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问题      Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i. e. , worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago "being employed" meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest growing groups in our working population--growing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.
     Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be the mechanist’s trade or book-keeping(簿记). Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.
From the passage it can be seen that employeeship helps one ______.
选项 A、to be more successful in his career
B、to be more specialized in his field
C、to solve technical problems
D、to develop his professional skill
答案A
解析 要点归纳题。本题考核对employment的含义的理解。在第二段中关于当好雇员的表达方式有what it is to be an employeement，have employeeship和the requirement of being an employee等等。这一段的第六句明确指出：一个人能否取得成就，越来越多地取决于他是否具备雇员的素质。而不是具备多少专门的职业知识和技能，所以选项A是答案。
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