2. 外语
  3. Middle-income families can expect to spend 204,060 dollars on feeding, housing and schooling a child born in 2007 until his or h

Middle-income families can expect to spend 204,060 dollars on feeding, housing and schooling a child born in 2007 until his or h

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问题     Middle-income families can expect to spend 204,060 dollars on feeding, housing and schooling a child born in 2007 until his or her 18th birthday, the US government reported on Monday.
    Child care and education costs will represent a larger share of costs for raising the ’07 baby through adulthood than they have in the past, the Agriculture Department said in an annual study on child-rearing costs. "The cost of providing food decreased from 24 percent to 17 percent of total child-rearing costs, while child care and education expenses increased from 2 percent to 12 percent," the department said.
    Housing will be the single largest cost for U.S. families-making up 33 to 27 percent of total expenses across income groups, USDA said. Factoring in inflation, the grand total for middle-income families comes to 269,040 dollars, USDA said. Total costs also include transportation, health care, and other necessities.
    Child-rearing costs have soared since USDA began conducting its annual study in 1960, and can vary dramatically according to a family’s income.
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答案 美国政府本周一称，对于美国中等收入家庭而言，抚养一个2007年出生的孩子至18周岁，预计需要在食物、住房和教育方面支出20．406万美元。 农业部在其儿童养育成本年度调查报告中说，与过去相比，要将一个07年出生的孩子抚养成人，其保育和教育开支在总支出中所占的比重增大。该部门称：“食物成本在子女养育总成本中所占的比重从24％下降至17％，而保育和教育支出则从2％上升到了12％。” 据美国农业部(USDA)介绍，住房支出将成为美国家庭最大的单笔开销——占各收入阶层家庭总支出的33％至27％不等。USDA称，如将通胀因素考虑进去，将一个07年出生的孩子抚养成人，中等收入家庭共需花费26．904万美元，这其中当然包括交通费、医疗费和其他必需开支。
解析 1、本段文字主要提供资讯(informative)，语言正式，语气客观，翻译时需注意传达其平实的风格，灵活运用各种翻译技巧处理好长句。
2、英语主语常可“转译”为汉语话题，第1段第1句的Middle-income families可译为“对于美国中等收入家庭而言”，这样更利于译文意义的表达和语句的组织。
3、第2段第2句共使用了4个百分比数字，故译文增译“所占的比重”，以增加句子的前后连贯性。
4、英译汉中缩写形式首次出现时需译出具体意义，其后则可在译文中使用缩写形式，也可沿用首出的译文。例如，USDA首次译为“美国农业部”，其后可用USDA，也可用“美国农业部”。
5、第3段第2句的现在分词短语Factoring in inflation表示假设，意为“将…考虑在内”，译文用“如果”明示暗含的逻辑语义；grand total意为“总数之和”，这里根据上下文译为“将一个07年出生的孩子抚养成人，共需花费…”，使意义更具体。
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