A、Having research published. B、Receiving a doctoral degree. C、Working at least five to seven years. D、Getting full-time appointm

Not everyone who teaches in a college or university is a professor. Many are instructors or lecturers. In fact,not even all professors are full professors. Many of them are assistant or associate professors. So what do all of these different academic titles mean at American colleges and universities?
    Professors usually need a doctoral degree. But sometimes a school will offer positions to people who have not yet received their doctorate. This person would be called an instructor until the degree has been completed. After that,the instructor could become an assistant professor. Assistant professors do not have tenure. (32) Tenure means a permanent appointment. This goal of greater job security is harder to reach these days. Fewer teaching positions offer the chance for tenure. Teachers and researchers who are hired into positions that do offer it are said to be " on the tenure track. " Assistant professor is the first job on this path. Assistant professors generally have five to seven years to gain tenure. During this time,other faculty members study the person’s work. If tenure is denied,then the assistant professor usually has a year to find another job. (33) Candidates for tenure may feel great pressure to get research published. " Publish or perish" is the traditional saying. An assistant professor who receives tenure becomes an associate professor. (34) An associate professor may later be appointed a full professor.
    (35) Assistant, associate and full professors perform many duties. They teach classes. They advise students. And they carry out research. They also serve on committees and take part in other activities.
32. What do we learn about tenure from the passage?
33. What is important for getting tenure?
34. What do we know about the path of promotion?
35. What do we know about the duties of professors?