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  3. Social control refers to social processes, planned or unplanned, by which people are taught, persuaded, or forced to conform to

Social control refers to social processes, planned or unplanned, by which people are taught, persuaded, or forced to conform to

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问题     Social control refers to social processes, planned or unplanned, by which people are taught, persuaded, or forced to conform to norms. In every society, some punishments or negative sanctions are established for deviant behavior. Without deviant behavior there would not be need for social control and without social control there would not be a way of recognizing the boundary between the acceptable and the unacceptable.
    Social control may be either formal or informal. Informal mechanisms include expressions of disapproval by significant others and withholding of positive rewards for disapproved behavior. Most people internalize norms in the course of socialization. This is any group’s most powerful protection against deviance, in that the individual’s own conscience operates as an agent of social control. When informal sanctions fail, formal agents of social control may be called upon. In contemporary society, such formal agents and agencies include psychiatry and other mental health professions; mental hospitals; police and courts of law; prisons; and social welfare agencies. All these formal agents function to limit, correct, and control violation of norms. Conflict theorists would also point out that social control agents and systems tend, in any society, to serve the interests of powerful groups and to enforce the norms most beneficial to those who make the rules and who, therefore, define unacceptable behavior.
    Social control, whether formal or informal, has a dual function. First, it punishes the wrongdoer and reaffirms the boundaries of acceptable behavior. Second, and less recognized, it regulates the manner in which deviants are treated.
Which statement about social control agents is not true?
选项 A、They tend to serve the interest of those who enforce the norms.
B、They tend to serve the interest of those who receive a benefit.
C、They tend to serve the interest of those who make the rules.
D、They tend to serve the interest of those who are powerful.
答案B
解析 题目问哪一个是对社会控制代理不正确的描述。第2段最后一句提到，社会控制代理倾向为强势群体的利益服务，执行对制定规则的人有利的规范，未提到B项“服务于受益人的利益”，故答案为B项。A项“服务于执行规范的人的利益”、C项“服务于制定规则的人的利益”和D项“服务于有权力的人的利益”均是第2段最后一句中对“社会控制代理”的描述，均可排除。
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