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  3. A Chinese student makes a sentence as follows: He is a rich man who like traveling. The error in that sentence is the result of_

A Chinese student makes a sentence as follows: He is a rich man who like traveling. The error in that sentence is the result of_

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问题 A Chinese student makes a sentence as follows: He is a rich man who like traveling. The error in that sentence is the result of______.
选项 A、negative transfer
B、positive transfer
C、overgeneralization
D、pragmatic failure
答案A
解析 考查二语习得。二语习得者在学习外语的过程中很容易受到母语的影响。如果外语和母语有相似之处。母语便可有利于外语学习，这叫做正迁移(positive transfer，也叫facilitation)；如果外语和母语有不同之处，母语便会阻碍外语的学习，这叫做负迁移(negative transfer，也叫interference)，差异越大，影响越大。题干例子便是负迁移的表现，因为汉语中谓语动词没有第三人称单数形式。外语习得中还有一些错误，不能用母语的影响来解释，比如He speaked English．这个例子，只能说是学习者过度应用了语法规则，这种现象叫做overgeneralization。语用错误(pragmatic failure)则是按照本民族的文化习惯来表达，结果违反了目的语国家的文化习俗．比如和外国人打招呼“Have you had dinner?”。
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