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  3. When someone smiles at you, you might smile back, sometimes without even realizing it. It turns out that not just our smiles,

When someone smiles at you, you might smile back, sometimes without even realizing it. It turns out that not just our smiles,

admin2017-12-07  32
问题    When someone smiles at you, you might smile back, sometimes without even realizing it.
   It turns out that not just our smiles, but all of our facial expressions could be contagious, according to a paper recently published in the journal Trends in Cognitive Sciences.
   "We tend to mimic (模仿) the smiles or frowns of others because it helps us better understand what other people are feeling, allowing us to respond accordingly," explained Adrienne Wood, PhD, of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the lead author of the paper.
   In order to find out how exactly we mimic others’ facial expressions in daily life, researchers reviewed more than 120 studies. They found that the "sensory motor simulation model" in the brain might be the cause of the mimicry.
   The model shows that when people see a certain expression, be it happy or sad, they instantly "try it out". In doing so, their brains find the previous memories of the same facial expressions being made and remind them of their feelings then. In this way, they can act in the proper way to others according to their own emotional reaction. But Wood noted that this process happens "below your awareness" and "within a few hundred milliseconds."
   Sometimes the brain recreates the expression without the facial muscles actually making it. For example, rather than giving a full smile, sometimes we only turn up the comers of our months. Despite this, our understanding of others’ emotions isn’ t being reduced.
   Figuring out others’ emotions by facial mimicry is one of our social tasks. But it’s not easy for everyone. According to the paper, people with certain motor diseases, like strokes or facial paralysis (面瘫), can have difficulty sharing other people’s emotions. The door to people’s feelings has been partially closed.
   "Facial mimicry certainly plays some role, and perhaps a key role, in understanding other people’s emotional states," said Kevin Ochsner, PhD, a neurologist (神经学家) from Columbia University. However, he also noted that facial expressions may sometimes not give clear clues, so facial mimicry may not be enough to fully understand the emotional state of a person in every condition.
Which of the following is the right process of facial mimicry?
①People become aware of their emotions.
② People catch a certain expression.
③ The brain reproduces the expression.
④ The brain recalls the previous memories.
选项 A、①③④②
B、②④①③
C、③①②④
D、④③②①
答案D
解析 细节题。此题考查面部表情模仿的过程，定位至第五段。由第五段第二句话可知，大脑会先寻找到前期记忆中生成的相同面部表情，对应的是④和③；又由第五段第三句话可知，人们根据自己的情绪反应做出恰当的回应，即做出相应的表情，对应的是②；最后一句话“伍德指出这一过程是‘下意识’行为，会在‘瞬间’发生”，表明在这个过程的最后人们才意识到他们的情感，对应的是①。因此正确的顺序是：大脑寻找前期记忆→大脑生成相同面部表情→人们做出某种表情→人们意识到他们的情感。故选D。
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