2. 考研
  3. 《中庸》里面说：“好学近乎知，力行近乎仁，知耻近乎勇。”这里所说的“知耻近乎勇”中的“耻”其实是人之为人的一个文明指标。人类文明的表现之一是要有羞耻心，也可以叫“羞恶之心”。孟子讲：“无恻隐之心，非人也；无羞恶之心，非人也；无辞让之心，非人也；无是非之心，

《中庸》里面说：“好学近乎知，力行近乎仁，知耻近乎勇。”这里所说的“知耻近乎勇”中的“耻”其实是人之为人的一个文明指标。人类文明的表现之一是要有羞耻心，也可以叫“羞恶之心”。孟子讲：“无恻隐之心，非人也；无羞恶之心，非人也；无辞让之心，非人也；无是非之心，

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问题     《中庸》里面说：“好学近乎知，力行近乎仁，知耻近乎勇。”这里所说的“知耻近乎勇”中的“耻”其实是人之为人的一个文明指标。人类文明的表现之一是要有羞耻心，也可以叫“羞恶之心”。孟子讲：“无恻隐之心，非人也；无羞恶之心，非人也；无辞让之心，非人也；无是非之心，非人也。”
    侧隐之心，就是不忍，就是“恕”，就是“己所不欲勿施于人”。辞让之心，就是文明礼貌；是非之心，就是社会的公平正义。而羞恶之心，就是“知耻”。孟子说这四个方面是人的“四端”，即做人的开始。没有这起码的四点，就不是“人”了，孟子称之为“非人”。
    孟子讲的“四端”在今天的意义，不需要多讲。当今社会，人和人之间的同情心都成了稀罕物了。见死不救仅仅是怕法律误判吗?我看主要是缺少“是非之心”，缺少正义感，缺少同情心，缺少悲悯之心。所以，如果讲当代社会大家共同的价值，我觉得应该是礼义廉耻。这四个字源自中国文化最基本的价值，应该成为今天全社会共认的价值。(刘梦溪)
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答案 The Doctrine of the Mean has it that: To be fond of learning is to be near to knowledge; to be arduous in work is to be near to benevolence; and to know shame is to be near to fortitude. Here, the "shame" in the last sentence, in practice, is one of the criteria of being a civilized man. One sign of human civilization is to be ashamed of wrong or evil deeds. Mencius said: one without a sense of compassion fails as a man; one without a sense of shame fails as a man; one without a sense of reverence fails as a man; one without a sense of right and wrong also fails as a man. To have the sense of compassion is to have pity and forgiveness, i. e. do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you. To have a sense of reverence is to be polite to others; to have a sense of right and wrong is to treat others fair and just in society; to have a sense of shame is to feel ashamed of wrongdoings. Mencius regards these four aspects as the four essential points of a man, which is also the prerequisite of being a man. One without the basic four aspects fails as a man, whom Mencius thinks of as subhuman. The meaning of Mencius’s four essential points in modern society is self-evident, when compassion becomes rare among people. Are those who leave others die without extending a helping hand simply being afraid of misjudgment in court? In my eyes, they, to a large extent, lack a sense of right and wrong. They have no sense of justice or compassion or sympathy. Therefore, when it comes to the values shared by modern society, I think they should be propriety, righteousness, integrity, and honour. The four words originate from the basic values of Chinese culture and should be shared by the whole society. (Liu Mengxi)
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