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Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop at the signal. You may tak
Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop at the signal. You may tak
admin
2019-09-22
75
问题
Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear each passage only once. Now, let’s begin.
China’s economic growth during the past three decades has been most impressive. This rapid growth, however, has been achieved at considerable environmental costs, one of which is serious water pollution. With rise in living standards, people have become more aware of the impact of water pollution on their quality of life. In the area of water management, the priority of the Chinese government should be on how to provide China’s 1.35 billion people with clean and safe water, that is, water which could be drunk from the tap without any adverse health impacts.
My colleagues and I have regularly visited China, and we have met few families that drink water from the tap. The distrust of the quality of tap water can be seen by the sale of bottled water. In 2014, China was expected to overtake the United States as the largest market for bottled water in the world. Although it accounts for nearly one-fifth of the global population, China has only about 7 percent of the world’s freshwater. This means to ensure adequate water for drinking, industrial, agricultural and energy-related uses, China needs to adopt a new mindset to manage its water, which is becoming increasingly more polluted and scarce.
What the country needs is a revolution in terms of water governance, which means that increasing supply is not the automatic answer to an increase in demand. One important option is to adjust water price, which is too cheap at present. Consequently, households and industries use too much water. This is also the case for agriculture, which is so far the largest user of water. Neither municipalities nor industries have historically considered extensive treatment and reuse of waste water.
At present, water expenditure of an average Chinese household is about 0.5 percent of disposable income. This is one of the lowest in the world. The average water price for 25 major Chinese cities is only US$0.46 per cubic meter, compared to a global average of $2.03 per cubic meter. The Chinese government has called for more efficient use of water, and promised the market would play a greater role in setting prices. Accordingly, by 2015, there will be a three-tiered pricing structure in all cities and towns based on actual water use. The top 5 percent of water users will pay three times the base price. The next 15 percent will pay 1.5 times the base price. However, 80 percent will continue to pay the same cheap price.
While the new pricing structure is a step in the right direction, it is not enough to manage demand. The water price has to increase significantly to manage demand. Our general view is that water price should be around 1.5 percent of disposable household incomes. Only those households where water use exceeds their income level should receive targeted subsidies. Within the next 5 to 10 years, the objective should be to ensure all cities with a population above a certain level receive clean water which can be drunk safely from the tap. At the same time, public awareness campaigns, such as those in Singapore, should be considered. These campaigns are designed to draw public attention to the importance of water to people’s quality of life and the country’s continuous economic development. People should be made aware that the cost of substandard water supply and waste water treatment is probably around 2.5 to 3 percent of the country’s GDP.
With cheap pricing, as has been the case historically, there can only be limited water conservation. This has also stopped companies, public or private, from carrying out badly needed upgrades and proper and regular maintenance of their water supplying systems and applying the latest technology to improve water management. Water pricing is one of the most important tools available to ensure every Chinese has access to safe water in the foreseeable future. However, like any tool, water pricing has to be used sensitively and properly.
选项
答案
中国过去30年的经济增长令世人瞩目。但这一迅速增长也付出了相当大的环境代价,包括严重的水污染。随着生活水平的提高,公众日益关注水污染对生活质量的影响。在用水管理方面,中国政府应优先考虑如何为13.5亿中国人提供干净和安全的饮用水,也就是说,人们可以直接饮用不影响健康的自来水。 我和我的同事经常访问中国,很少看到有家庭直接饮用自来水。从瓶装水的销售量可以看出人们对自来水质量的不放心。2014年,中国有望超过美国成为世界上最大的瓶装水市场。虽然中国人口占全球近五分之一,但其淡水却只占全球约7%。这说明,为提供足够的饮用、工业、农业和能源用水,中国需要采用新的理念来管理日益受到污染并且越来越稀缺的水资源。 中国需要进行一场水资源管理的革命,它意味着需求的增长并不能只靠增加供应来解决。一个重要的解决办法是调整水价。由于目前水价过低,家庭和工业部门都用水过度。农业也一样,是第一用水大户。从历史上来看,市政当局和工业界从未考虑过对废水进行大规模的处理和再利用。 目前,普通中国家庭的用水开支只占其可支配收入的0.5%,属于世界最低之列。25个中国主要城市的平均水价为每立方米0.46美元,而全球平均水价是每立方米2.03美元。中国政府号召节约用水,并承诺市场在定价方面将发挥更大的作用。为此,到2015年,所有城镇将按水的实际用量实行三级阶梯定价结构。用水最多的5%用户将支付基准水价的三倍价格。用水占第二位的15%用户将按基准水价的1.5倍付费,但80%的用户仍按目前的低价位付费。 虽然新的用水定价结构向正确方向迈出了一步,但这并不足以调控需求。为调控需求,必须大幅度提高水价。总的来说,我们认为水价应调到占家庭可支配收入的1.5%左右。只有那些用水支出超过相应收入水平的家庭才可得到专项补贴。今后5到10年的目标应是,所有人口超过一定规模的城市都应该有可以直接安全饮用的清洁自来水。同时,可以借鉴新加坡等国实行的宣传做法,使公众关注水对人民生活质量和国家经济持续发展的重要性。应当使人们认识到,不达标的供水和废水处理给一个国家的国内生产总值造成的损失可能高达2.5%到3%。 历史证明,水价过低影响节约用水。低水价会使国营或私营公司都不愿去对供水系统进行急需的升级改造和必要的定期维修,都不愿引进最先进的技术来改进水管理。调整水价是使每个中国人在可预见的将来能够安全用水的最重要的手段之一。但是,同其他手段一样,调整水价时,应当审慎、恰到好处。
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