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  3. Japan owes a lot to China. Chinese demand for Japanese goods has helped Japan’s economy recover, while competition has pressured

Japan owes a lot to China. Chinese demand for Japanese goods has helped Japan’s economy recover, while competition has pressured

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问题     Japan owes a lot to China. Chinese demand for Japanese goods has helped Japan’s economy recover, while competition has pressured executives to start restructuring Japan’s companies and banks.
    Japan is an example of how China is offering two benefits to the global economy. One is the way in which China is acting as an economic engine, buying up ever-increasing amounts of goods and natural resources. The other is the flow of inexpensive Chinese goods that drag down consumer prices across the world.
    There are downsides, like the decline of manufacturing industries from Detroit and Perth. Folks in developed economies losing jobs or taking pay cuts would hardly agree that China’s rising influence is a good thing.
    But at the moment, China’s 9.5 percent growth rate is proving more of a blessing than a bane for countries like Japan.
    Quietly, at the start of this decade, Japanese companies began shifting production abroad, cutting costs, selling off extraneous businesses and paying down debt. ’The government also stepped up efforts to attract more foreign direct investment, something Japan had little use for in the past.
    Taken together, these actions largely prompted by China’s advance, have led to the most organic and convincing recovery Japan has seen in years. While Japan has much further to got to make its economy more globally competitive, it is worth noting how far it has come from the dark days of the late 1990s.
    There are many benefits inherent in China’s advance. One of them was spelled out by Anatole Kaletsky, an editor and economic columnist at The Times of London. He wrote on August 18 that China’s rise is making the richest nations even richer.
    Along with pushing down global prices of mass-produced goods, China’s influence may actually be pushing up the prices of products and services China does not or cannot make. That can be seen in the prices of things that China consumes — oil, financial services, luxury goods and real estate.
    Kaletsky said that as prices of luxury goods and financial services are driven higher, prosperous countries with service industries become wealthier, compared with manufacturing countries.
选项
答案 日本从中国得到的好处是很大的。中国需要日本的商品，这就有助于日本经济的恢复，而竞争又迫使主管人员着手对日本的公司和银行进行结构性改革。 以日本为例，可以说明中国怎样为全球的经济带来两大好处。一方面，中国买进越来越多的商品和自然资源，起着拉动经济的火车头作用。另一方面，中国不断出口便宜的商品，使全世界的消费品价格下降。 不足之处也是有的，比如从底特律到珀斯的制造业日渐衰落。在发达国家，有人丢了工作，有人减了工资，他们大概不会觉得中国的影响日益增长是什么好事。 不过，眼下中国百分之9.5%的增长率对日本这样的国家来说，与其说它是祸，不如说它是福。 本世纪一开始，日本的公司就悄悄地着手把生产转移到国外，降低成本，把没有直接联系的工商企业卖掉，偿还债务。政府还加紧吸引更多的外国直接投资，而这是日本过去不怎么加以利用的。 这些举措大都是中国的进步所诱发的，其综合效果就是日本得到了多年不曾有过的最有组织的、最明显的恢复。虽然日本要使自己的经济更有全球竞争力，还有很长的路要走，但是它摆脱二十世纪末的黑暗时期，取得了多大的进展，也是不容忽视的。 中国的进步必然带来许多好处。其中有一条，《伦敦泰晤士报》编辑兼经济专栏作家阿纳托尔•卡莱茨基作了阐述。8月18日他写道，中国的兴起正使得富国更富了。 中国的影响一方面压低了大规模生产的商品的全球价格，一方面可能实际上也抬高了中国不提供或无法提供的产品和服务的价格。看一下中国消费品的价格，就一目了然了间——比如石油、金融服务、奢侈品和房地产。 卡莱茨基指出，由于奢侈品和金融服务的价格上升，服务业发达的国家比制造业国家获益更大。
解析 1．Japan owes a lot to China. 日本从中国得到的好处是很大的。
    [分析] 用词选词采分点。
    owe sb. a lot“欠(债等)，感激，把……归功于”，可引申翻译为“得到很多好处”。
2．Chinese demand for Japanese goods has helped Japan’s economy recover, while competition has pressured executives to start restructuring Japan’s companies and banks. 中国需要日本的商品，这就有助于日本经济的恢复，而竞争又迫使主管人员着手对日本的公司和银行进行结构性改革。
    [分析] 理解结构采分点及基本素质采分点。
    该复合句可以翻译成三个短句。主句的主语Chinese demand for Japanese goods可以翻译成一句话“中国需要日本的商品”，其中，名词demand要进行词性转换，翻译成动词。主句的动宾结构has helped Japan’s economy recover要增加主语，翻译成另外一句：这就有助于日本经济的恢复。原句中的由while引导的复合句翻译成第三个独立的句子。
3．One is the way in which China is acting as an economic engine，buying up ever- increasing amounts of goods and natural resources. 一方面，中国买进越来越多的商品和自然资源，起着拉动经济的火车头作用。
    [分析] 理解结构采分点。
    虽然本句为复合句，但要翻译成简单句。which引导定语从句，用来修饰前面所提到的the way。One is the way翻译成状语“一方面”，然后用从句的主语China做主语同分词短语buying up ever-increasing amounts of goods and natural resources翻译成一句话。原句的主语和谓语部分放在最后翻译。engine意为“发动机，机车，火车头”，在这里选择“火车头”的含义。但短语economic engine不能直译为“经济火车头”，要增加动词“拉动”，译为“拉动经济的火车头”。
4．The other is the flow of inexpensive Chinese goods that drag down consumer prices across the world. 另一方面，中国不断出口便宜的商品，使全世界的消费品价格下降。
    [分析] 理解结构采分点及选词用词采分点。
    从句that drag down consumer prices across the world翻译成一个并列动宾结构“使全世界的消费品价格下降”。flow意思是“流动，(河水)泛滥”，实际上本文指的是中国的商品卖到国外或出口，所以泽成“卖出”或“出口”。
5．There are downsides, like the decline of manufacturing industries from Detroit and Perth. 不足之处也是有的，比如从底特律到珀斯的制造业日渐衰落。
    [分析] 选词用词采分点。
    downside指“底侧，下降趋势”。因为上面提到了优势，这里应该讲其不足的地方，译为“不利因素”或者“不足之处”。
6．Folks in developed economies losing jobs or taking pay cuts would hardly agree that China’s rising influence is a good thing. 在发达国家，有人丢了工作，有人减了工资，他们大概不会觉得中国的影响日益增长是什么好事。
    [分析] 理解结构采分点。
    该复合句可以翻译成几个简单句，以便符合汉语的习惯。先把主句的主语Folks in developed economies losing jobs or taking pay cuts翻译成两个小句：Folks in developed economies losing. jobs可以译成“在发达国家，有人丢了工作”；动宾结构taking pay cuts译成“有人减了工资”。整个句子的谓语及其宾语从句would hardly agree that China’s rising influence is a good thing增加主语“他们”，译成第三个分句“他们大概不会觉得中国的影响日益增长是什么好事”。介词短语in developed economies中的economics不能直接译成“经济”，因为它实际上指的是经济发达的国家，所以译成“发达国家”为宜。
7．But at the moment, China’s 9.5 percent growth rate is proving more of a blessing than a bane for countries like Japan. 不过，眼下中国9.5%的增长率对日本这样的国家来说，与其说它是祸，不如说它是福。
    [分析] 基本素质采分点。
    more of…than...“与其说是……不如说是……”；blessing意为“祝福”，bane意为“毒药，祸害”，两者属于对应的，这里应该分别译为“福和祸”。
8．Taken together, these actions largely prompted by China’s advance, have led to the most organic and convincing recovery Japan has seen in years. 这些举措大都是中国的进步所诱发的，其综合效果就是日本得到了多年不曾有过的最有组织的、最明显的恢复。
    [分析] 理解结构采分点。
    该句翻译成两个分句。原句的主语及其修饰语these actions largely prompted by China’s advance译成单独一句“这些举措大都是中国的进步所诱发的”。action指“行为，行动”，但在此处指的是所采取过的方法或措施，所以译成“举措”或“措施”。谓语动词及后面部分have led to the most organic and convincing recovery Japan has seen in years译成另外一句“其综合效果就是日本得到了多年不曾有过的最有组织的、最明显的恢复”。
9．While Japan has much further to got to make its economy more globally competitive, it is worth noting how far it has come from the dark days of the late l990s. 虽然日本要使自己的经济更有全球竞争力，还有很长的路要走，但是它摆脱20世纪末的黑暗时期，取得了多大的进展，也是不容忽视的。
    [分析] 基本素质采分点。
    worth noting指“值得关注”，可采用正说反译法，译成“不容忽视”。has much further to got要用增词法，译成“还有很长的路要走”。
10．One of them was spelled out by Anatole Kaletsky, an editor and economic columnist at The Times of London．其中有一条，《伦敦泰晤士报》编辑兼经济专栏作家阿纳托尔•卡莱茨基作了阐述。
    [分析] 基本素质采分点。
    spell out意为“详细解释，清楚地说明”。The Times of London指“《伦敦泰晤士报》”。
11．Along with pushing down global prices of mass-produced goods, China’s influence may actually be pushing. up the prices of products and services China does not or cannot make. 中国的影响一方面压低了大规模生产的商品的全球价格，一方面可能实际上也抬高了中国不提供或无法提供的产品和服务的价格。
    [分析] 理解结构采分点。
    句中的介词短语Along with pushing down global prices of mass-produced goods可以翻译成独立句子“中国的影响一方面压低了大规模生产的商品的全球价格”同China’s influence may actually be pushing up the prices of products...译成并列句。
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