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  3. In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1 — 5, choose the most suitable one from the list A —G to

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1 — 5, choose the most suitable one from the list A —G to

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问题 In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1 — 5, choose the most suitable one from the list A —G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.
    Confronted with a sink suddenly leaking water many homeowners have neither the knowledge nor the materials to make the repair themselves. In choosing a plumber they generally have to rely on some sort of signal of quality. A recommendation from a stranger helps; a recommendation from a sensible neighbour can help even more; prior, direct experience is best of all.
    Government regulators can be said to be permanently in need of plumbers. Faced with a rapidly changing market and technological advances—of financial instruments, medical therapies, agricultural methods, software- the regulatory agencies have to make decisions quickly. 【R1】______.
    Jerry Kim, an assistant professor of business at Columbia University, wanted to test the relationship between reputation and regulatory treatment at the Food and Drug Administration(FDA). He looked at 884 New Drug Applications(NDAs)submitted to the FDA for approval between 1990 and 2004. A firm’s reputation, in this case, depended not on its market share or the use of its drugs, but its generation of knowledge and innovation. 【R2】______.
    The hypothesis proved correct: the higher the firm’s reputation, the more likely that its drugs would speed through the approval process. Other factors influenced FDA approval as well. 【R3】______. A firm’s political contributions, meanwhile, were a non-factor.
    Mr. Kim also found a curious side effect of the drug-approval process. The FDA has a special "priority" rating for those drugs believed to be significantly better than existing treatments.(New drugs, or those first to treat a disease, are more likely to be designated priority.)There was no statistically significant relationship, however, between a firm’s reputation and the likelihood of its application receiving priority status. 【R4】______. In separate research, Mr. Kim found that the approved drugs from high-status firms were more likely to prompt product recalls or warnings. In short, the established firms may travel more easily.
    Mr. Kim draws two lessons from his findings. One is practical; new biotech firms may want to partner with veterans to get their products to market more quickly and establish a strong reputation. The second is to adopt a healthy skepticism about the ability of regulators to protect the public. 【R5】______. "These people... really are dedicated to serving public interest and they’re trying their best," says Mr. Kim of his talks with FDA researchers. "The problem is, their best is not always good enough. "
[A]Drugs targeted at "underserved" illnesses(those that lack good treatments)were approved more quickly, for example, while any drug submitted after a product recall, regardless of whether or not it was related to the recalled drug, was more likely to spend additional time under review.
[B]To find reputable plumbing contractors government should study the field more thoroughly and set a standard to make sure that all the plumbers are licensed and to ensure safe operation of water heaters and boilers.
[C]The biases he found were not the kind easily attributable to underhanded bribery, lobbying, or even more subtle political pressures; rather, they are the result of trying to process a great deal of information quickly.
[D]j Mr. Kim’s hypothesis was that a firm with a longer track record of contributing to drug development would have its NDAs approved faster than would a developer less well known to the FDA. The more patent citations a firm had, the greater its knowledge reputation.
[E]The most common side effects associated with the drug include headache and stomachache. The medication should not be taken by people who are trying to restrict their sodium intake.
[F]It might then make sense that, as one would welcome a recommended plumber, regulators might be more willing to trust companies with stronger reputations.
[G]This suggests that established firms are not more likely to turn out innovative or especially useful drugs than their lesser-known peers.
【R1】
选项
答案F
解析 空格出现在第二段末。第一段举以实例：户主在选择水管工时看重他们的声誉。第二段先通过类比的方式指出，政府管理部门也需要各种“水管工”，而且在选择“水管工”时要迅速果断(此处水管工是比喻的说法，喻指各行各业服务者)。随后为空格。空格下文(第三段)指出研究者Kim试图考查“(药品公司)声誉(reputation)”和“管理部门监管方式(regulatory treatment)”之间的关系。由此可见，空格部分应该承上启下，指出“管理部门的选择”与“公司声誉”之间的关系。[F]指出，就像户主会欢迎声誉好的水管工一样，管理者可能更信任声誉好的公司。该选项前半句呼应首段，后半句引出下文，实现了由“引子”到“主题”的过渡，且选项中的reputation和regulator在上下文中得到了复现，故选项确定。[B]出现了reputable，plumbers等词，有一定干扰性。但该选项主要论述的是政府如何找到可靠的水管承包商，而由空格下文容易推知，第二段的plumbers只是一种比喻的说法，并非指真正的“水管工”。
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