首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
You hear about the United Nations (UN) constantly in the news, although you might not always realize it. For example: "Peace
You hear about the United Nations (UN) constantly in the news, although you might not always realize it. For example: "Peace
admin
2010-08-04
107
问题
You hear about the United Nations (UN) constantly in the news, although you might not always realize it. For example:
"Peacekeeping" operations are sponsored by the United Nations. Currently, the UN has peacekeeping forces in more than a dozen different countries including Sierra Leone, Ethiopia, India, Pakistan, Cyprus and Lebanon.
There have been UN weapons inspectors in and out of Iraq for a dozen years. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is a UN agency that inspects the nuclear programs of nations to ensure that nuclear materials are not being diverted for military use.
The Security Council is a UN organization that makes some of the most important international decisions on the planet.
The Earth Summit and the Kyoto Protocol were UN sponsored efforts--the largest international environmental efforts ever.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a UN document ratified by the members of the General Assembly.
The World Court or International Court of Justice in The Hague, the Netherlands, acts as the judicial portion of the United Nations and hears cases and international disputes from around the world.
The World Health Organization is a UN program.
UNICEF is a UN program. Originally, UNICEF helped children affected by WWII.
Kofi Annan, the Secretary-General of the UN, is often in the news.
The UN has this remarkable influence because nearly every nation on the planet is a member.
In this article, you will learn the basics of the United Nations so you can grasp the scope and reach of its operations. The next time you hear about the UN on the news, you will have a much better understanding of this international organization.
What is the UN?
The United Nations was born on October 24, 1945, shortly after World War Ⅱ (which officially ended on August 15, 1945 ). Its primary goals focus on world peace and the international desire to prevent another world war.
The UN has 191 member nations--nearly every nation on the planet. All of them have signed on to the UN Charter, which was originally written in 1945 by the representatives of 50 different countries.
Organization
The UN Charter sets up an organization that includes six "organs." Two of these--the General Assembly and the Security Council--are in the news quite a bit. The others are less visible.
The General Assembly
In the General Assembly, every member nation gets one vote. Any " important question" for the general assembly requires a two-thirds majority for approval. The usual Important questions include:
Recommendations on peace and security
Election of members to organs
Admission, suspension, and expulsion of members
Budgetary matters
All other matters are decided with a simple majority. Many of the proceedings of the General Assembly, are embodied in resolutions.
The Security Council
The goal of the Security Council, according to the UN Charter, is to focus on peace and security: "[UN] Members confer on the Security Council primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, and agree that in carrying out its duties under this responsibility the Security Council acts on their behalf... The Members of the United Nations agree to accept and carry out the decisions of the Security Council in accordance with the present Charter."
The Security Council has five permanent members (Britain, China, France, Russia, and the United States) and ten members elected by the general assembly that serve two-year terms (currently Angola, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Chile, German, Guinea, Mexico, Pakistan, Spain and SyriA) . Historically, this organization was developed to encourage all of the allies from WWII to participate in the new United Nations when it was forming.
On important matters, it is necessary to get nine members of the Security Council to agree. However:
The five permanent members each have veto power, and any one of them can block any resolution of the Security Council.
The smaller nations on the Security Council often get into extremely uncomfortable positions that can force them to vote in certain ways.
Unlike the General Assembly, the Security Council is able to actively enforce its decisions. It can use economic sanctions or deploy forces as described in the UN Charter. These may include complete or partial interruption of economic relations and of rail, sea, air, postal, telegraphic, radio, and other means of communication, and the severance of diplomatic relations. Should the Security Council consider that these measures would be inadequate or have proved to be inadequate, it may take employ military forces, which are contributed by the member nations and form coalitions that serve the commanders chosen by the Security Council.
You can see that, when all members of the Security Council decide that force is needed, the United Nations can bring together an impressive’ arsenal to solve international problems. That is what happened in the 1991 Gulf War.
Other Organs
The Secretariat, headed by the Secretary-General (currently Kofi Annan), is a bureaucracy that keeps the UN running on a day-to-day basis.
The Secretary-General has a great deal of power in the UN He can, for example, personally mediate disputes. He can bring matters before the Security Council. He is elected to a five-year term by the General Assembly, but his election can be vetoed by any of the permanent members of the Security Council.
The Economic and Social Council has 54 elected members chosen by the General Assembly. It makes recommendations in, as the name indicates, economic and social matters.
The International Court of Justice (the World Court) has 15 judges elected by the General Assembly (with Security Council approval). In this court, nations bring cases against other nations.
The sixth organ specified by the UN Charter is the Trusteeship Council, but it ceased operations in 1994. Its job was to oversee territories such as those taken from conquered nations in WWII. The last territory either became a nation or merged with a nation in 1994.
Funding
Funding for the UN comes from the member nations. In the normal operating budget, the US covered 22% of the budget. Other big contributors: Japan (19.6%), Germany (9.8%), France (6.5%), the UK (5.6%), Italy (5.1%), Canada (2.6%) and Spain (2.5%).
The General Assembly is in charge of ratifying a budget and deciding how much money each nation will pay into the system. Money gets divided into three areas:
The normal UN operating budget
The peacekeeping budget
Voluntary contributions, mostly for humanitarian efforts
The UN Secretary-General, elected by the UN Security Council, serves a term of five years.
选项
A、Y
B、N
C、NG
答案
B
解析
该句的句意为:联合国秘书长由联合国安理会选举,任期为5年。实际上,联合国秘书长是由联合国大会选举,而不是由安理会选举。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/tuA7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Peoplecanbeaddictedtodifferentthings--e,g.,alcohol,drugs,certainfoods,oreventelevision.Peoplewhohavesuchana
Ifthereisanysinglefactorthatmakesforsuccessinliving,itistheabilitytoprofitbydefeat.EverysuccessIknowhas
Ifthereisanysinglefactorthatmakesforsuccessinliving,itistheabilitytoprofitbydefeat.EverysuccessIknowhas
Ifthereisanysinglefactorthatmakesforsuccessinliving,itistheabilitytoprofitbydefeat.EverysuccessIknowhas
TeainBritainTea,thatmostessentialEnglishdrinks,isarelativelatecomertoBritishshores.Althoughthecustomofd
A、Pianomusiccouldinterferewithyourreasoningability.B、Theeffectsofmusicdonotlastlong.C、Themoreyoulistentomus
A、Theyliketotalkwithher.B、Theyhavementalproblems.C、Theywereinsultedbythedoctor.D、They’vejustfeltonedge.D
A、Howtodealwiththeproblemsinafamily.B、Howtoaskaneighbourtoturndownthemusic.C、Howtogetalongwiththosenot
A、Heisinneedofqualifiedstaff.B、Heisdoingquitewellwithit.C、Hehasmoneyproblemnow.D、Hecannotcarryitonanym
UrbanEnergyPlanningforaSustainableEnvironmentThePeople’sRepublicofChina(China)istheworld’smostpopulouscoun
随机试题
铸造是一种古老的制造方法,在我国可以追溯到6000年前。随着工业技术的发展,大型铸件的质量直接影响着产品的质量,因此,铸造在机械制造业中占有重要的地位。下列关于铸造工艺操作的说法中,正确的是()。
车辆后轮胎爆裂,车尾会摇摆不定,驾驶人应双手紧握转向盘,控制车辆保持直线行驶,减速停车。
焊缝形式、尺寸和焊接方法只能通过焊缝符号来标注。()
企业在设计销售与收款业务的内部会计控制制度时,销售与收款业务的不相容岗位是指()
APTT测定中除加入白陶土和脑磷脂外,还需加入
薛某拖欠潘某借款5万元,潘某多次催要借款而薛某一直不给。在一次催要过程中,二人发生争执并大打出手,薛某将潘某殴打致伤。区公安分局遂以薛某违反《治安管理处罚法》为由,将薛某行政拘留10天。薛某不服,提起行政复议。复议机关作出复议决定,薛某仍不服,于是向法院提
合规管理部门的基本职责不包括()。
《劳动争议调解仲裁法》规定:劳动争议申请仲裁的时效期间为(),仲裁时效期间从当事人知道或者应当知道其权利被侵害之日起计算。
过程分析和()是一致的。
求幂级数的收敛半径、收敛区间及收敛域,并求收敛区间内的和函数.
最新回复
(
0
)