首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Since the late 1970’s, in the face of a severe loss of market share in dozens of industries, manufacturers in the United States
Since the late 1970’s, in the face of a severe loss of market share in dozens of industries, manufacturers in the United States
admin
2010-02-20
47
问题
Since the late 1970’s, in the face of a severe loss of market share in dozens of industries, manufacturers in the United States have been trying to improve productivity and therefore enhance their international competitiveness through cost-cuttig programs. (Cost-cutting here is defining the amount of labor constant. ) However, from 1978 through 1982, productivity -- the value of goods manufactured divided by the amount of labor input -- did not improve; and while the results were better in the business upturn of the three years following, they ran 25 percent lower than productivity improvements during earlier, post-1945 upturns. At the smile, it became clear the harder manufactures worked to implement cost-curling, the more they lost their competitive edge.
With this paradox in mind, I recently visited 25 companies; it became clear to me that the cost-cutting approach to increasing productivity is fundamentally flawed. Manufacturing regularly observes a "40, 40, 20" rule’ Roughly 40 percent of any manufacturing-based competitive advantage derives from long-term changes in manufacturing structure (decisions about the number, size, location, and capacity of facilities) and in approaches to materials. Another 40 percent comes from major changes in equipment and process technology. The final 20 percent rests on implementing conventional cost-cutting. This rule does not be tried. The well-known tools of this approach --- including simplifying jobs and retraining employees to work smarter, not harder -- do produce results. But the tools quickly reach the limits of what they can contribute.
Another problem is that the cost-cutting approach hinders innovation and discourages creative people. As Abernathy’s study of automobile manufacturers has shown, an industry can easily become prisoner of its own investment in cast-cutting techniques, reducing its ability to develop new products. And managers under pressure to maximize cost-cutting will resist innovation because they know that more fundamental changes in processes or systems will wreak havoc with the results on which they are measured. Production managers have always seen their job as one of minimizing costs and maximizing out- put. This dimension of performance has until recently sufficed as a basis of evaluation, but it has created a penny-pinching, mechanistic culture in most factories that has kept away creative managers.
Every company I know that has freed itself from the paradox has done so, in part, by developing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy facturing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a strateg7 focuses on the manufacturing structure and on equipment and process technology. In one company a manufacturing strategy that allowed different areas of the factory to specialize in different markets replaced the conventional cost-cutting approach; -within three years the company regained its competitive advantage. Together with such strategies, successful companies are also encouraging managers to focus on a wider set of objectives besides cutting costs. There is hope for manufacturing, but it clearly rests on a different way of managing.
The author of the passage is primarily concerned with ______.
选项
A、summarizing a thesis
B、recommending a different approach
C、comparing points of view
D、making a series of predictions
答案
B
解析
该题问:这篇文章的作者主要是介绍什么? A项意为“总结论点”,本文没有提及。B项意为“介绍一种不同的方法”。针对“降低成本法”,在本文中作者提出了自己的意见,并且在最后给出了替代的方案。C项意为“比较观点”,本文没有提及。D项意为“做预言”,本文没有提及。因此B项为正确选项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/upvO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
死于交通事故的行人中有四分之三不是小于15岁就是超过了60岁。他们不能很好地判断速度,并且会出人意料地踏进马路。
A、ShetypesChinesewell.B、SheisEnglish.C、Sheisgoodatlanguages.D、Sheusedtobeaschoolteacher.C
Researchershaveknownthatsecondhandsmokecanbejustasdangerousfornonsmokersassmokingisforsmokers,butnowthere’s
TheGuidfordFour,freedlastweekafterspending15yearsinprisonforcrimestheydidnotcommit,wouldalmostcertainlyhave
Overthelast25years,Britishsocietyhaschangedagreatdeal--oratleastmanypartsofithave.Insomeways,however,very
Recentyearshavebroughtminority-ownedbusinessesintheUnitedStatesunprecedentedopportunitiesaswellasnewandsignific
A、Theyofteninterferewithschoolgames.B、Theyhaveactualmeaningintherealworld.C、Theydon’thaveaformatandgoverning
对那些过多忧虑/担心自己未来的人,我的劝告是要为现在而生活,寻找每天的乐趣并且帮助需要帮助的人。
同食品和住房一样,衣服也是人类的基本需要。防护(自己)是人们开始穿衣服的一个原因。古时候,粗糙的衣服保护我们的祖先免受动物撕咬和伤害。衣服也让人们保暖和去湿。如今人们穿衣服已不仅仅是为了应对天气,最主要的是为了外表。人们选择他们喜欢的或者他们认为其他人会喜
Seekingtomatchadesiretomakemoneywithhisenvironmentalinstincts,LouisRedshaw,aformerelectricitytrader,metwithf
随机试题
年幼的“留守儿童”最需要的是生活照顾、满足他们的营养和健康需要、发展与人相处的社会能力等,这里采用的介入行动原则是()。
Ajax技术不是全新的技术,它是整合了以下除了()以外的三项技术的新的应用方式。
简述可撤销合同的种类。
资产评估指南主要规范的是中国资产评估行业中涉及的主要
中国进入社会主义社会的主要标志是()
下列抗甲状腺药中哪个能诱发甲状腺功能亢进
某公司为增值税一般纳税人,适用增值税税率为16%。2019年11月30日,该公司预收账款和应收账款有关明细科目如表所示:2019年12月公司发生如下业务:(1)15日,向甲公司发出一批产品,开具增值税专用发票上注明价款100万元,增值税税额16万元,
定义:①推销就是未经业主的预约同意,向客户销售商品,有一定的无理的意思。②非法传销就是一些只会说大话的组织,实际上是让你去赚亲戚朋友的钱,获得巨利。③跑业务是指事先跟客户约好了时间地点,然后将自己的商品以最适合双方的价格成交。典型例证:(1)小丽
有如下程序:#includeusingnamespacestd;classB{public:B(intxx):x(xx){++count;x+=10;}virtualvoidshow()const
ItmightappeartoanycasualvisitorwhomayhavetakenafewridesabouttowninataxicabthatallNewYorkersarefilledwit
最新回复
(
0
)