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  3. In cognitive psychology, studies of learning strategies with first language learners have concentrated on determining the effec

In cognitive psychology, studies of learning strategies with first language learners have concentrated on determining the effec

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问题     In cognitive psychology, studies of learning strategies with first
language learners have concentrated on determining the effects of strategy
training on different kinds of tasks and learners. Findings from these studies
generally indicated that strategy training is effective in improving the
performance of students on wide range of reading comprehension and(1)______
problem-solving tasks. One of the more important outcome of these(2)______
psychological studies was the formulation of learning strategies in an
information-processing theoretical model. This model contains an executive,
or metacognitive, function in addition with an operative, or cognitive-(3)______
processing, function. Metacognitive strategies involve in thinking about the(4)______
learning process, planning for learning, monitoring of comprehension or
production while it is taken place,(5)______
or self-evaluation after the learning activity has been completed.(6)______
Cognitive strategies are more directly related to individual learning tasks
and entail directly manipulation or transformation of the learning(7)______
materials. A third type of learning strategy identifying in the literature on(8)______
cognitive psychology concern the influence of social and affective processes(9)______
on learning. Examples of social/affective strategies are cooperative learning,
where involves peer interaction to achieve a common goal in learning, and(10)______
asking questions for clarification. Research in metacognitive and cognitive
learning strategies suggests that transfer of strategy training to new tasks
can be maximized by pairing metacognitive strategies with appropriate
cognitive strategies.
(7)
选项
答案directly—direct
解析 词性错误。 manipulation or transformation是名词，前面应该用形容词修饰，应用direct，不能用副词directly。解题时不要受前文的影响，前文中的directly是副词，修饰动词related，这两者不是并列结构。
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