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  3. The costs associated with natural disasters are increasing rapidly. As a result, officials in government and industry have focus

The costs associated with natural disasters are increasing rapidly. As a result, officials in government and industry have focus

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问题     The costs associated with natural disasters are increasing rapidly. As a result, officials in government and industry have focused more attention on disasters and their effects. The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy has estimated that disasters cost the country about 1 billion per week. Hurricane Andrew, the Midwest flood of 1993, and the Hanshin earthquake have shown that individual disasters can cost tens if not hundreds of billions of dollars. This increasing cost has resulted in greater funding from government and industry for the development of technologies related to disaster prediction, and has led to more research into the effective use of predictive information.
    The insurance industry has long been aware of the dangers of natural disasters; the 1906 earthquake in San Francisco, California, bankrupted scores of insurance companies. But the industry has focused particular attention on disaster prediction in recent years, as spiraling costs revealed that many companies had underestimated their financial exposure. For instance, prior to Hurricane Andrew in 1992, many insurance experts thought that the worst hurricane possible would do no more than 8 billion in damages to the industry. The damages caused by Hurricane Andrew, estimated at about 17 billion, shattered these beliefs. Today, estimates of worst-case disaster scenarios approach 100 billion.
    The insurance industry has therefore increased its support for research into disaster prediction. One such effort involves a number of companies that have joined together to support the Bermuda-based Risk Prediction Initiative, which funds disaster research. The expectation is that the resulting information will place the industry on a more solid foundation to make decisions about the risk of future disasters. The industry has also lobbied for the government to bear some of the financial burden of disaster insurance. Such a program already exists for flood insurance, set up in the late 1960s by the federal government to insure flood-prone areas. These types of programs, effectively implemented, could be increasingly necessary in the future to make insurance available in areas prone to disasters.
    Because the stakes are so high, the science of disaster prediction has a bright future. The various projects and programs illustrate that disaster prediction is a topic of concern to scientists and policy makers alike. Hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanoes all show that the effective use of disaster predictions not only requires advanced technology but also requires that society consider the entire process of prediction—forecasts, communication, and use of information. Because they cannot predict the future with certainty, and because much remains to be learned, scientists warn that society must understand the limits of scientific predictions and be prepared to employ alternatives. Wisely used, however, disaster prediction has the potential to reduce society’s vulnerability to natural disasters.
The difference between the actual loss caused by Hurricane Andrew and the loss estimated by insurance companies before the hurricane is________.
选项 A、1 billion dollars
B、8 billion dollars
C、9 billion dollars
D、17 billion dollars
答案C
解析 本题关键词是Hurricane Andrew，问题是：安德鲁飓风(Hurricane Andrew)的实际损失与保险公司之前预测的损失相差了多少?答案可以定位到第二段。根据第二段第三、四句话可知，保险专家(insurance experts)预测安德鲁飓风 (Hurricane Andrew)造成的损失不会超过80亿，但安德鲁飓风(Hurricane Andrew)实际造成的损失达到170亿，所以实际损失和预测损失相差了90亿，选项C与原文表达的含义相同，为正确答案。文中没有提到10亿这个数字，因此选项A属于无中生有。80亿美元是保险专家预测的损失，170亿美元是安德鲁飓风实际造成的损失，这两个数字都不是实际损失与预测损失之差，因此选项B、D都属于答非所问。第二段：近年来，保险业对灾难预测格外关注。
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