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  3. The United Nations Human Rights Council was former Secretary General Kofi Annan’s dream child: a new, stronger institution to re

The United Nations Human Rights Council was former Secretary General Kofi Annan’s dream child: a new, stronger institution to re

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问题     The United Nations Human Rights Council was former Secretary General Kofi Annan’s dream child: a new, stronger institution to replace the much-maligned Commission on Human Rights, where human rights would be treated as the UN’s "third pillar" along with security and development.
    But the new council has had a rocky first year, which ended at midnight on Monday night when members agreed to a package of institution-building measures. In its first year, the council shied away from taking action on most human rights crises, dropped its scrutiny of Iran and Uzbekistan, and managed to condemn Israel’s human rights record without addressing violations by Hezbollah and Palestinian armed groups. That disappointing record, however, should spur concerned governments into greater engagement rather than to write the council off.
    The UN resolution establishing the council gave it a mandate to be stronger and better than the old commission. And the new election process helps put candidates’ human rights record under a spotlight.
    Just last month, Belarus, which has an appalling record of stifling basic freedoms, failed in its bid for a council seat. Belarus’ unexpected defeat was due to a determined campaign by a few states, including the United States, and a group of nongovernmental organizations. It shows that when states stand up for a more effective council, they can make a difference. The same day that Belarus was defeated, Egypt, another serial abuser, was elected to membership after running unopposed. But if more governments were willing to stand up to states with poor records, fewer abusers would be elected.
    The procedural reforms agreed to on Monday keep in place the greatest legacy of the council’s predecessor— the system of independent experts on human rights issues, such as violence against women, and specific countries, including Burma and North Korea. But the council, bowing to political pressure, eliminated the experts for Belarus and Cuba—a decision impossible to justify on human rights grounds.
    Still, the human rights records of those countries, as well as every other member of the United Nations, will be scrutinized under the new system of "universal periodic review" also set up by the council this week. The possibilities of using these reviews to expose violations and push for change are vast, but the spirit of "protect our own," which has limited action by the council so far, could infect these reviews as well. Critics have denounced the inclusion of a separate agenda item on Israel. The council should not single out one country in this way. However, the item refers to the "human rights situation in Palestine and other occupied Arab territories", meaning that in principle, at least, the council can scrutinize both Israeli and Palestinian behavior.
    The council has the potential to be far more effective than the commission—if governments that care about human rights do all they can to make it so. The council’s failings can be blamed not only on the minority of members with troubling records, but also the poor performance of a broader group of states with a professed commitment to human rights.
    These states have taken positions they could never justify at home, apparently relying on the belief that "what happens in Geneva, stays in Geneva". For example, governments that should have known better, including India, South Africa, Brazil, Japan, Mexico, South Korea and Switzerland, failed to oppose the council’s decision to end scrutiny of Iran.
    Putting the council on track requires building a working coalition of states that put allegiance to the cause of human rights above the need for regional consensus and the desire to avoid offense.
Why did Belarus fail in its bid for a council seat?
选项 A、It did not have basic human rights.
B、Some countries controlled the voting campaign.
C、It did not win much support from other countries.
D、Its rival was too strong.
答案B
解析
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