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  3. Learn to Behave When Lost in the Woods Lions and tigers and bears, oh, my! It can happen to even an Eagle Scout: The trail d

Learn to Behave When Lost in the Woods Lions and tigers and bears, oh, my! It can happen to even an Eagle Scout: The trail d

admin2010-02-20  2
问题                     Learn to Behave When Lost in the Woods
Lions and tigers and bears, oh, my!
    It can happen to even an Eagle Scout: The trail disappears, directions get confused, and a sudden, turn in the weather forces you away from familiar landmarks. All of a sudden, the thin chain between you and civilization has broken. You’re not just Getting Away From It All.. you’re lost.
    But take heart: Losing your way doesn’t have to mean losing your head. Follow the tips in this tutorial to minimize the danger to yourself, and to keep yourself from getting even more lost. You’ll notice that the title of this passage is not "Learn to Get UnLost" but "Learn to Behave When Lost in the Woods"—the goat here is not to turn you into a wilderness orientation expert (or a survival expert), but to make it as easy as possible for others to find you safe and sound.
     "Be Prepared" is the Boy Scout motto, and if you don’t believe in making some kind of preparations you have no business being out in the woods in the first place. Being lost doesn’t kill people; it’s the doings without (food, clothing, shelter, medical attention) that does them in. Whether packing for an afternoon picnic or a weeklong hiking, observe the Rule of Change: Prepare not only for the weather conditions that exist when you start out, but for the weather that weather can turn into. You don’t need to take an umbrella when you’re hiking Death Valley (unless you want some shade), but you should cram a rainhat in your pack in Yosemite, even the forecast calls for sunshine. You don’t need a parka(风雪大衣) for that day trip, but your clothing should add up to several layers: Put them on or peel them off as the temperature dictates.
    You should always, always bring matches or a lighter. Put them in your backpack right nowgo on, we’ll wait and don’t take them out when you clean out your pack (do, however, check to make sure they’re still serviceable). Always bring more water than you expect to drink—and don’t drink it just because you have it. If your mouth is thirsty, you can moisten it with a single mouthful; you don’t need to chug(一口气地喝) down the bottle.
    The best way to avoid getting lost is (obviously) to keep to a trail, so resist the temptation to walk off into the virgin wild unless you know exactly what you’re doing.  Besides being environmentally unfriendly and often illegal, straying from the trail is flirting with danger. Just as you can drown in an inch of water, you can get hopelessly lost in five minutes of pathless wandering. There’s just one more inflexible rule: Don’t leave for the outdoors unless there’s someone who’ll notice you haven’t returned. You don’t have to post a formal itinerary (旅行计划) at the ranger’s office, but at least mention to a friend or family member where you’re going and when you expect to be back. For the price of a phone call, you can keep getting lost from becoming a permanent disappearance.
Step One—Don’t Panic
    First of all, get a grip on yourself. Take ten slow, deep breaths (actually count them) if you do feel panicky. It’s normal to feel scared, but keep in mind that all you’ve lost is a bit of information. An unknown patch of forest isn’t inherently more dangerous than a known patch. It’s just unknown to you.
    • Begin by acknowledging that you’re lost—or if you’re with one or more other people, by gently creating the consensus that you’re lost. Some folks tend to deny the situation, right up to the point where they march off a diff. Don’t let macho (or macha) attitude endanger everyone.
    • There are two common reactions you’ll want to avoid. One is panic, which usually triggers the flight response in humans. Running wildly around, even for a few minutes, could get you irretrievably(无法弥补的) lost (if not injured). The other reaction is overcompensation: Deciding that it’s time to play Robinson Crusoe of the Redwoods and trying to build a cabin, search for food, and lay in a cord of wood before nightfall. You may end up spending a night or so in the wild, but conserve your energy. Tired people don’t think as well as rested ones, and they require more food and water to keep going.
Step Two—Judge the Situation
    Now that you’re calm, collected and not in denial, sit down and think things through. How long have you been lost? Mentally trace your thoughts back to the last point where you definitely knew your location. How long ago was that? In what general direction have you been traveling since then?
    • If you have a compass, use it now to give your directional sense some beatings: We came from that away and that’s Northwest, but we started walking South; so the trail must have slowly looped.., and so forth. Even if you don’t have a compass, try to approximate this kind of locationsense while your memories are fresh. If you don’t have a compass, see Step 3.
    Now you have some decisions to make:
    • If you haven’t been lost long and seem to be in relatively safe terrain (not surrounded by rock, slides or thorn bushes, for instance), you may decide to retrace your steps. If so, skip to Step 3.
    • If the circumstances suggest that further wandering may be dangerous (night is falling, cliff edges abound), then you may want to stay out and wait for rescue. If so, skip to Step 5.
Step Three—Retrace your Steps (if appropriate)
    If you’ve decided to try and undo your error, then hike in the direction from which you came, keeping careful track not only of orientation but of time. If you’ve been lost for ten minutes but a tenminute walk doesn’t return you to your trail, you’re just getting more lost. In such a case, pause and return to your original location, then try again.
    • When retracing= Try tracking yourself. You weren’t on a trail, so you probably left tracks you can follow in reverse. One handy trick is to frequently look over your shoulder as you’re retracing—the idea is to recreate the view you had when you were walking there in the first place. Looking back might refresh your memory of a particular landmark, or help you recognize familiar terrain.
    • If you don’t have a compass: To be certain you won’t stray from your intended direction, line up three landmarks in the direction you want to go, all following a straight line from your line of sight. Then walk in a beeline (i. e., as straight as possible), keeping the landmarks in sight.
    • Leave a sign, As you go, it’s a good idea to leave markers, or a sign, to help potential rescuers locate you. Ways to leave a sign include dragging a heavy stick, propping up(支撑，撑住)sticks or rocks in unnatural ways or making a flag from a stick and some trash or a cloth.
Step Four—Try to Pick up a Trail (if appropriate)
    Can’t find your trail? If you’ve opted to stay mobile, you might want to pick up any old trail... any path that probably leads to somewhere, if only to a better path. In that case:
     • Keep in mind that trails are usually in logical places, i.e. where the land will be more traversable(能越过的). Search next to creeks or rivers, on or below ridges, and across meadows.
     • Holding an eye to your present location, wander around in the immediate area, say 50 yards/meters in all directions. Like looking over your shoulder (see Step 3), the change in perspective may jog(唤起，提醒)your memory. If you’re not alone you can range even further: Designate one person as the stayput "anchor", and have the others wander around within earshot(听力所及的范围). Have the anchor shout out periodicallyyelling out the time every minute on the minute is a good idea.
This tutorial’s goal is to turn you into a wilderness orientation expert or a survival expert.
选项 A、Y
B、N
C、NG
答案B
解析 第二段最后一句话指出"the goal here is not to turn you into a wilderness orientation, expert(or a survival expert)，but to make it as easy as possible for others to find you safe and sound．”目的不是要使你成为在野外有方向感的专家，而是使其他人易于找到你是安全无恙的，由此可知题干不符合原文内容。
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大学英语四级

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