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  3. It has been a usual sight that the luxury liner Majestic Princess operated by Carnival Group, a global cruise company, sits char

It has been a usual sight that the luxury liner Majestic Princess operated by Carnival Group, a global cruise company, sits char

admin2019-10-11  49
问题    It has been a usual sight that the luxury liner Majestic Princess operated by Carnival Group, a global cruise company, sits charging at the Wusongkou International Cruise Terminal in Shanghai.
   Shore power can help ships reduce their emissions by moving away from using oil to generate energy. "Developing a shore power system for a green port is just one of the projects for eco-friendly shipping conducted by the China Merchants Group (CMG)," Fu Gangfeng, Director and Group President of CMG Ltd., a state-owned enterprise whose traditional business is shipping along the Yangtze River, told Xinhua News Agency.
   The shore power supply system has been in use for a year and has already contributed to 23,000 tons in reduced emissions. The Yangtze River, China’s longest waterway, is one of the busiest rivers in the world. In 2017, 2.5 billion tons of goods were delivered along this west-east water route, one of the reasons why the river has become known as a golden waterway.
   Compared with other methods, transportation via water has both advantages in cost and transport capacity, as well as green benefits, by saving power and reducing emissions. But the shipping lanes of the Yangtze have also caused serious environmental problems. According to statistics provided by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 60 percent of inland vessels are distributed in the low reaches of the Yangtze, most of which use marine fuel, a major source of pollution along the waterway. Moreover, pollution caused by industrial accidents, domestic sewage dumped by ships and heavy metal sediment from the bottom of vessels have also had a detrimental effect on the river’s ecosystem.
   In the Three Gorges area, diesel power generation emits around 10 tons of sulfides, 4,000 tons of carbon oxides and 3 tons of PM2.5 annually, posing a serious risk to the air quality and ecological environment of the region. In 2017, there were 614 ships in the Three Gorges Dam area, with an average waiting time of 106 hours. During the overhaul of the ship locks in 2018, there were 1,084 ships waiting for an average duration of 202 hours.
   Accordingly, the supervision of activities and the entry standards for ships are hard to control, which increases the difficulty of maintaining orderly competition.
   During the process of improving the waterway, the concept of ecological protection is being implemented. Eco-friendly materials and structures are applied to minimize the impact on the environment in a bid to maintain a balance between regulation and protection.
   Building green ports is an essential and effective method of waterway regulation. In conclusion, high standards should be maintained when new ports are built and old ones are upgraded. By regulating, integrating and upgrading existing ports, the functions of the shoreline are strengthened.
   The use of cleaner energy in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is also of great significance for the green future of the Yangtze channel. According to Fu, in terms of dry bulk cargo, 50 freighters with 8,000 to 10,000 tons of LNG fleet suitable for the Yangtze will be built in the future to replace the existing 50 percent of the ship’s capacity, optimize the ship structure and reduce pollution to the environment.
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答案 全球邮轮公司嘉年华集团(Carnival Group)旗下的豪华邮轮“盛世公主”号(Majestic Princess)一直泊在上海的吴淞口国际邮轮码头充电。 岸电可以帮助船只减少排放，不再使用石油来发电。集团董事长兼总裁傅刚峰告诉新华社记者：“为推进绿色港口建设开发岸电系统只是招商集团(CMG)开展的环保航运项目之一。”该国有企业主要业务是长江沿线的航运。 岸电供电系统已投入使用一年，减排量已达23000吨。长江是中国最长的水道，是世界上最繁忙的水道之一。2017年，这条自西向东的水路运送了25亿吨货物，这也是长江被称为黄金水道的原因之一。 与其他方法相比，水路运输在成本和运输能力上都具有优势，而且还能通过节电减排实现绿色效益。但长江航道也造成了严重的环境问题。根据生态环境部提供的统计数据，60％的内陆船只分布在长江下游，其中大部分使用船用燃料，这是该水道沿线的主要污染源。此外，工业事故造成的污染、船舶倾倒的生活污水以及船底的重金属沉积物，也对河流生态系统产生了不利影响。 在三峡地区，柴油发电每年排放约10吨硫化物、4000吨碳氧化物和3吨细颗粒物(PM2．5)，对该地区的空气质量和生态环境构成了严重威胁。2017年，三峡大坝区共有614艘船，平均停泊时间为106小时。在2018年船闸检修期间，共有1084艘船舶，平均停泊时间为202小时。 因此，对船舶活动的监管和准入标准很难把控，这也增加了维持有序竞争的难度。 在改善水路的同时，也在贯彻生态保护的理念。采用环保材料和结构，以尽量减少对环境的影响，从而维持监管与保护之间的平衡。 建设绿色港口是航道整治的重要而有效的方法。总之，在建造新港口和改造旧港口时，应保持高标准。通过整治、整合和升级现有港口，海岸线的诸多功能得以加强。 使用液化天然气(LNG)这种形式的清洁能源对长江航道的绿色未来也具有重要意义。据傅先生介绍，就干散货运输而言，未来将建造50艘适合长江的8000吨至10000吨液化天然气船队，以取代目前50％的船舶容量，优化船舶结构，减少环境污染。
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