首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The interrelationship of science, technology, and industry is taken for granted today—summed up, not altogether accurately, as "
The interrelationship of science, technology, and industry is taken for granted today—summed up, not altogether accurately, as "
admin
2018-06-06
105
问题
The interrelationship of science, technology, and industry is taken for granted today—summed up, not altogether accurately, as "research and development". Yet historically this widespread faith in the economic virtues of science is a relatively recent phenomenon, dating back in the United States about 150 years, and in the Western world as a whole not over 300 years at most. Even in this current era of large scale, intensive research and development, the interrelationships involved in this process are frequently misunderstood. Until the coming of the Industrial Revolution, science and technology evolved for the most part independently of each other. Then as industrialization became increasingly complicated, the craft techniques of preindustrial society gradually gave way to a technology based on the systematic application of scientific knowledge and scientific methods. This changeover started slowly and progressed unevenly. Until late in the nineteenth century, only a few industries could use scientific techniques or cared about using them. The list expanded noticeably after 1870, but even then much of what passed for the application of science was "engineering science" rather than basic science.
Nevertheless, by the middle of the nineteenth century, the rapid expansion of scientific knowledge and of public awareness—if not understanding—of it had created a belief that the advance of science would in some unspecified manner automatically generate economic benefits. The widespread and usually uncritical acceptance of this thesis led in turn to the assumption that the application of science to industrial purposes was a linear process, starting with fundamental science, then proceeding to applied science or technology, and through them to industrial use. This is probably the most common pattern, but it is not invariable. New areas of science have been opened up and fundamental discoveries made as a result of attempts to solve a specific technical or economic problem. Conversely, scientists who mainly do basic research also serve as consultants on projects that apply research in practical ways.
In sum, the science-technology-industry relationship may flow in several different ways, and the particular channel it will follow depends on the individual situation. It may at times even be multidirectional.
What is the author’s main purpose in the passage?
选项
A、To show how technology influenced basic science.
B、To describe the scientific base of nineteenth-century American industries
C、To correct misunderstandings about the connections between science, technology and industry.
D、To argue that basic science has no practical application.
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/G9SO777K
本试题收录于:
NAETI中级口译笔试题库外语翻译证书(NAETI)分类
0
NAETI中级口译笔试
外语翻译证书(NAETI)
相关试题推荐
MaintainingFriendshipinAdolescenceSecondaryschoolcanbea【C1】______placeforadolescentswhodon’thaveabestfriend
MaintainingFriendshipinAdolescenceSecondaryschoolcanbea【C1】______placeforadolescentswhodon’thaveabestfriend
Theeraofdividedgovernmentbegins,inauspiciously.Willthepresidentbeabletoseethewoodforthesubpoenas?Isuspectth
Inhisbook,theauthorpresentssomestrategiesonMarketingfortheenterprisesto______thefinancialrisksandstriveforth
Thearrivalofinformationrevolutionmakesenterprisesabsolutelychangetheirmarketingsystemsinorderto________tothemark
InternetMarketingisfittinginwiththenewchangesofconsumingideasfortheregressionof________consumptionneeds.
7月13日晚,在莫斯科国际贸易中心,当国际奥委会主席萨马兰奇宣布北京获得2008年奥运会主办权时,一楼新闻中心的大屏幕,久久定格在一个动人的场面上:何振梁先生眼含热泪,与前来祝贺的国际奥委会委员逐个拥抱。72岁的何振梁说:“北京拿到了奥运会举办
在冷战结束后的新形势下,两国要不要及如何发展双边关系,是中美两国面临的重大课题。“永久正常贸易关系”的通过表明,在美国,支持发展中美关系的力量占了上风,美国政府、国会、工商企业界和公众的主流都支持以建设性的态度与中国打交道。其次,中美关系的内涵得
中国拥有自己的体育传统。大约在公元11世纪宋朝的时候,人们开始玩一种叫做“蹴鞠”的游戏。这个游戏被认为是古代足球的起源,在当时非常流行,女性们也自成一队,玩得兴高采烈。现在,您该明白为什么我们现在的女子足球队那么厉害了。//在北京,有许许多多精彩
A、Ihavefinishedmylunch.B、Ican’twaittomakethephonecall.C、Ihavetostayintheoffice.D、Idon’tliketoeatinthe
随机试题
境内企业的外方在境外的控股公司申请上市,从而达到境内企业上市的目的,被称为()
固定义齿固位体设计,不正确的是
面呈六边形的牙是
属于名城整体空间环境保护方法的是()。
根据《标准施工合同》,对于未达到必须招标规模或标准的项目,可自监理人在暂估价内直接确定价格的是()。
根据《个人所得税法》的规定,下列各项中,免征个人所得税的有()。
下列属于印花税纳税人的有()。
“夫君子之行,静以修身,俭以养德,非淡泊无以明志,非宁静无以致远”。下列关于道德的说法中,你认为正确的是()
胃分泌的内因子不足时,则()吸收不良,造成巨幼红细胞性贫血。
公司的某件物品丢失。领导查找几次未有结果。你从各方面获得的线索表明这件事情很有可能是某某同事干的。你会()。
最新回复
(
0
)