首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Partly due to a historical development marked by worldwide colonialism, urbanization, and globalization, in the course of this c
Partly due to a historical development marked by worldwide colonialism, urbanization, and globalization, in the course of this c
admin
2017-04-13
56
问题
Partly due to a historical development marked by worldwide colonialism, urbanization, and globalization, in the course of this century humankind is likely to experience its most extreme cultural loss. As K. David Harrison notes in When Languages Die, "The last speakers of probably half of the world’s languages are alive today." Their children or grandchildren are pressured to speak only the dominant language of their community or country. Under one estimate, more than 50% of the 6,900 or so languages identified nowadays are expected to become extinct in a matter of a few decades.
The precise criteria for what counts as a distinct language are controversial—especially those regarding closely related linguistic systems, which are often inaccurately referred to as dialects of the same language. The problem is complicated by the insufficiency of studies about the grammar of many of the world’s endangered languages. In addition, from a cognitive standpoint any two groups of individuals whose languages are mutually intelligible may in fact have distinct mental grammars.
As a cognitive system, a language shows dynamic properties that cannot exist independently of its speakers. This is the sense in which the Anatolian languages and Dalmatian are extinct. Therefore, language preservation depends on the maintenance of the native-speaking human groups. Unfortunately, the most accelerated loss of distinct languages takes place where economic development is rapid, worsening the breakdown of minority communities that speak different languages. In this perspective, a language often begins to die long before the passing of the last speaker: New generations may start using it only for limited purposes, increasingly shifting to the community’s dominant language. In this process, knowledge of the dying language erodes both at the individual level and at the community level.
Linguistic diversity itself may be the worst loss at stake, because it may be the most promising and precise source of evidence for the range of variation allowed in the organization of the human cognitive system. For instance, Harrison discusses many strategies for manipulating quantities across languages, often endangered ones. The rapid loss of linguistic diversity substantially hinders comparative investigation about the multiple ways in which a single cognitive domain can be organized.
Linguists are well aware that their efforts alone cannot prevent this loss. Community involvement, especially with government support, has proven essential in slowing or even reversing language loss in different cases(e.g., Basque and Irish). Crucially, endangered languages must be acquired by new generations of speakers. Here the biological metaphor adopted by Harrison applies appropriately — documentation of dead languages is akin to a fossil record, providing only partial clues about complex cognitive systems.
The start of language dying is indicated by
选项
A、the disappearance of its last speakers.
B、the fact that new generations stop using it.
C、the official ban on speaking it.
D、its new generations’ decreased use of it.
答案
D
解析
推理判断题。根据题干中的start of language dying定位到第三段。该段倒数第二句提到,新一代的人可能会只为特定目的才使用本族语言并转而越来越多地使用强势语言,使得该语言逐渐消失。故D项为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/L2bZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Olderpeoplemustbegivenmorechancestolearniftheyaretocontributetosocietyratherthanbeafinancialburden,accordi
Olderpeoplemustbegivenmorechancestolearniftheyaretocontributetosocietyratherthanbeafinancialburden,accordi
AgingposesaseriouschallengetoOECD(OrganizationofEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment)countries,inparticular,howtop
AgingposesaseriouschallengetoOECD(OrganizationofEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment)countries,inparticular,howtop
AgingposesaseriouschallengetoOECD(OrganizationofEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment)countries,inparticular,howtop
Ifyouknowexactlywhatyouwant,thebestroutetoajobistogetspecializedtraining.Arecentsurveyshowsthatcompaniesl
WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesinWorldWar
Itusedtobesostraightforward(直接的).Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsofthei
Itusedtobesostraightforward(直接的).Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsofthei
Cripplinghealthcarebills,longemergency-roomwaitsandtheinabilitytofindaprimarycarephysicianjustscratchthesurfa
随机试题
甲公司是一家餐饮上市公司,企业的目标是为股东创造更多价值。在下列情形中,反映企业创造价值的是()。
关于气管内插管,下列哪项是不正确的?
生物转化反应分为两相反应,下列哪项不属于第一相反应
下列关于肺泡表面活性物质的叙述,错误的是
下列表述中属于适用移送管辖必须具备的条件的是:()。
设A为m×n矩阵,则齐次方程组Ax=0仅有零解的充分条件是()。
地基验槽时,需在基底进行轻型动力触探的部位有( )。
某公司因业务需要,经营地点从吴忠迁至银川。该公司需要办理()税务登记。
A、 B、 C、 D、 B部分数依次为1、2、3、4、(5),答案为B。
Rayburn制造公司目前是一家完全权益结构的公司,公司的权益价值是2000000美元,权益的成本为18%,并假定不存在税收。该公司计划发行400000美元的债务用于回购公司股票,债务成本是10%。请计算:回购后公司总的资本成本:
最新回复
(
0
)