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  3. For those seeking to help the worst-off in poor countries, the mobile phone has been a magic wand. Mobile-money accounts have he

For those seeking to help the worst-off in poor countries, the mobile phone has been a magic wand. Mobile-money accounts have he

admin2022-11-16  175
问题     For those seeking to help the worst-off in poor countries, the mobile phone has been a magic wand. Mobile-money accounts have helped deliver "financial inclusion"—making financial services accessible to the tens of millions with a phone but no bank account. But they have downsides too.
    The most obvious way digital financial services harm poor people is by laying them more open to fraud. Research from 2016 cited in a new report by the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP), a consortium of donors affiliated to the World Bank, found that in the Philippines 83％ of people surveyed had been targets of mobile-phone scams, with 17％ losing money. In Tanzania, 27％ had been targeted and 17％ fleeced; in Ghana, 56％ and 12％.
    For the most basic deceptions, a thief needs only a phone number. A text message might offer congratulations on winning a prize, requiring only a small contribution to unlock it. Your identity might be stolen to make you responsible for repaying a loan disbursed to somebody else. An impersonator might steal your mobile-money account when registering a new SIM card. Or your account’s security code—the pin—might be leaked by a mobile-money agent. The poor may be especially susceptible to such scams. They are more likely to be relatively new both to the online world and to formal financial services. And they are less likely to have smartphones with sophisticated security software.
    It is not just money that can be stolen. So too can all the other data stored on a phone. Often, however, much has already been given away freely by its owners. Many "free" apps are in fact paid for in customer data. In every country people gaily sign away their rights to privacy by clicking consent buttons without having understood or even read what they are agreeing to. But such data can also be abused. An algorithm might (by design or accident) be biased against certain borrowers because, say, of their race or creed.
    It is often assumed that the poor are relaxed about surrendering some privacy in return for access to borrowing and other services. In fact, concern about privacy is not a preserve of the rich. Research in India and Kenya has shown that even very poor borrowers would be willing to pay a higher interest rate—or join a much slower queue—for a loan that came with more guarantees that the data provided to the lender would be kept private.
The mobile phone has been helping the impoverished in obtaining________.
选项 A、accessible services
B、mobile-money accounts
C、their bank accounts
D、urgent financial aids
答案B
解析 根据题干的关键词the impoverished可定位到文章第一段首句。第二句提到Mobile-money accounts have helped deliver "financial inclusion"—making financial services accessible to the tens of millions with a phone but no bank account (移动货币账户帮助提供了“普惠金融”服务——让数千万只有手机但没有银行账户的人可以使用金融服务)。即手机的功能是让原本没有银行账户的人能有一个移动货币账户作为替代来使用金融服务。因此，B项“移动货币账户”符合句意，故为正确答案。第一段第二句是说making financial services accessible to the tens of millions with a phone but no bank account(让数千万只有手机但没有银行账户的人可以使用金融服务)，这里指的是获得金融服务，而非选项A提到的获得accessible service(访问服务)，故该选项排除；同理，由第一段可知，手机让穷人获得了移动货币账户，而非真正的银行账户，故C项排除；D项原文并未提及，属于无中生有，故排除。
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