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  3. Marteza Hasani fled Afghanistan in 2005 when he was six years old. During the war there, he found his father’s body, in front of

Marteza Hasani fled Afghanistan in 2005 when he was six years old. During the war there, he found his father’s body, in front of

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问题     Marteza Hasani fled Afghanistan in 2005 when he was six years old. During the war there, he found his father’s body, in front of his family home. That was the first of many unimaginable traumas he faced before arriving in Germany as a refugee in 2015. "I couldn’t get the image of my father out of my head," he says.
    Hasani is one of more than 100 refugees who have taken part in a study to examine how mental health can be damaged by such traumas—it is perhaps the largest and most detailed of young refugees’ psychological status carried out so far. Young people who flee their countries are already at greater risk of developing mental-health problems than is the general population. Migration itself is known to be a factor in developing such disorders—but many refugees also experience violent and life-threatening events before and during their flight. The latest study is the first to try to quantify how these events affect psychiatric problems—and it finds that the risk of developing mental-health problems, and their severity, rise significantly with each accumulated trauma a person has experienced.
    Environmental stressors can increase the risk of young people developing psychiatric disorders, particularly if they already have a slight genetic predisposition. These range from experiencing or witnessing violence to migration and living in cities. In a 2014 study, Ehrenreich showed that even being the child of a migrant constitutes such a risk.
    Neurologist and psychiatrist Martin Begemann conducted detailed physical, psychological and cognitive examinations of each participant. He asked about their traumatic experiences, which often included torture, slavery and physical abuse. He found scars from gunshot wounds, stabbings, explosions, burns and electric shocks on 40％ of the participants. Begemann then conducted interviews to determine whether the participants showed signs of depression, psychosis or cognitive difficulties. He organized psychiatric treatment for those who needed it.
    The researchers used their assessments to quantify a person’s overall risk of mental-health problems, and found that this rose stepwise with the number of risk factors experienced. In addition, refugees’ ability to cope with daily life declined with each additional trauma. The team also found some factors that had been thought to be "psychologically protective", such as fleeing with a family member or a friend, didn’t seem to mitigate the effects of the negative stressors.
    The authors note that stressors continue in host nations—for example, poor living conditions, multiple relocations, social exclusion and hostility towards refugees because they are foreigners. Stressful conditions such as these in many centres only add to the risk and the latest work emphasizes this, says Peter Ventevogel, senior mental-health officer at the UN Refugee Agency. For participants such as Hasani, the study was beneficial because it led him into psychiatric therapy. "Now I am feeling better and can sleep," he says.
Martin Begemann’s research suggests that________.
选项 A、most refugees have the signs of depression and cognitive difficulties
B、mental-health problems hardly influence the refugees’ ability to live
C、some psychologically protective factors can’t relieve the traumas of refugees
D、40％ of the participants accept psychiatric treatment organized by Martin
答案C
解析 根据题干关键词Martin Begemann定位到第四段第一句话，但是第四段均为该研究的具体内容，例如对每位参与者进行了详细的身体、心理和认知检测等，这些均不是研究所得出的结论。在第五段中才提到了研究小组的实验发现，即一些原本被认为是“心理保护”的因素，比如和家人或朋友一起逃离，似乎并不能减轻负面压力的影响。因此，C项为答案。由第四段可知，马丁.贝格曼随后进行了面谈，以确定参与者是否表现出抑郁、精神病或认知障碍的迹象，而不是大多数参与者都有抑郁和认知障碍的迹象，选项A无中生有，应排除；根据第五段第二句refugees’ ability to cope with daily life declined with each additional trauma每多受一次创伤，难民应对日常生活的能力就会随之下降)，B项正反颠倒，应排除；文中提到马丁.贝格曼发现scars from gunshot，wounds，stabbings，explosions，burns and electric shocks on 40％of the participants. (40％的参与者身上有枪伤、刺伤、爆炸、烧伤和电击留下的创伤)，并且He organized psychiatric treatment for those who needed it.(他为那些有需要的人安排了精神治疗)，并非40％的参与者接受了由马丁组织的精神治疗，所以D项是混淆是非，应排除。
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