“生、旦、净、丑”是京剧中的角色分类。“生”是男性正面角色,“旦”是女性正面角色,“净”是性格鲜明的男性配角(supporting role),“丑”是幽默滑稽的人物或反面角色。每种角色都有表明身份的脸谱(facial make-up)和扮相(costum

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问题 “生、旦、净、丑”是京剧中的角色分类。“生”是男性正面角色,“旦”是女性正面角色,“净”是性格鲜明的男性配角(supporting role),“丑”是幽默滑稽的人物或反面角色。每种角色都有表明身份的脸谱(facial make-up)和扮相(costume),只要演员一上场,你一看便知。在人的脸上涂上某种颜色以象征这个人的性格和品质、角色和命运,是京剧的一大特点,也是理解剧情的关键。简单地讲,红脸含有褒义,代表忠勇(valor);黑脸为中性,代表猛(vigor)智;黄脸和白脸含贬义,代表凶诈。

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答案Sheng, dan , jing and chou refer to different types of roles in Peking Opera. Sheng is the positive male role, and dan is the positive female role, while jing is a supporting male role with a distinctive character and chou is the clown or a negative character. Each type of role has its own facial make-up and costume that expose its identity as soon as he or she appears on the stage. One major characteristic of Peking Opera is the color painted on the face of a character that shows the personality, quality, role and fate, which is also the key to understanding the plot. To put it simply, red is positive, standing for loyalty and valor; black represents a neutral role with vigor and wisdom; yellow and white both suggest vicious, cunning and negative characters.

解析 1. 第二句包含四个分句,内容和句式均相似,翻译时可以分别将前后两个分为一组. 然后将两组用while连接起来。整合成句意完整的一句话。
2. 第四句的主语为“在人的脸上……命运”。若直接翻译为主语,则稍显冗长,可将其处理为表语。把“京剧的一大特点”翻译为句子的主语。
3. 第五句中的三个分句都有“代表”这个词,句式也几乎一致,如果三个分句都用同样的词、同样的句式,句子会乏味僵硬,因此要注意用词和句式的变化。“代表”可以用represent、stand for、suggest等表示。
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