2. 外语
  3. Read this text taken from an article about the concept of strategy of competitions. Choose the best sentence to fill each of the

Read this text taken from an article about the concept of strategy of competitions. Choose the best sentence to fill each of the

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问题 Read this text taken from an article about the concept of strategy of competitions.
Choose the best sentence to fill each of the gaps.
For each gap 9—14, mark one letter(A—H)on your Answer Sheet.
Do not use any letter more than once.
There is an example at the beginning, (0).
                    The Beginning of Natural Competition
Competition existed long before strategy: It began with life itself. The first one-cell organizations required certain resources for maintenance of life. When those resources were adequate, each generation became greater in number than the preceding one.(0)______H But as life evolved, single-celled life became a food resource for more complex life, with greater complexity, each level became the resource for the next higher level. When two competitors were in perpetual competition, one inevitably displaced the other, unless something prevented it. (9)______
Over millions of years, a complex web of competitive interaction developed. Today, more than a million distinct species have been catalogued.(10)______They are believed to be millions more such variations of species as yet unclassified. Since each of these competitors must be unique, the abundance of variations must match an equal variation in potential factors which define a niche and the varied characteristics in the environment which make that combination effective. (11)______
For millions of years natural competitions involved no strategy. It was natural selection: adaptation and survival of the fittest.(12)______.Those who left relatively few offspring became displaced. Those who adapted best displaced that rest.(13)______.
The awareness of natural competition as a systematic effect is centuries old. Malthus quoted Benjamin Franklin’s observation about the crowding out of natural competition. Darwin himself credited Malthus with the insight. Wallace and Darwin, separated by thousands of miles, simultaneously developed the concept of natural selection by competition.(14)______.
It’s known that only primates possess imagination and the ability to reason logically. But without these capabilities, behavior and tactics are either intuitive or the result of conditioned reflexes. Strategy is impossible. Strategy depends upon the ability to foresee the future consequences of present intuitions.

A Random chance determined the mutations and variations that survived and succeeded to compound their numbers.
B In the absence of some counterbalancing force that maintained a stable equilibrium between two competitors by giving each an advantage in his own territory, only one survived.
C True strategy was probably first practiced by one tribe attempting to take over the hunting grounds of another tribe.
D The richer the environment, the more severe the competition and greater the number of competitors.
E Physical and structural characteristics adapted, but behavior adapted also and became embedded in instinctual reactions.
F Each has a unique advantage in competition for its required resources with its particular niche of the environment.
G Darwin emphasized repeatedly the overriding importance of competitive: It is awesome in its potential for evolution.
H If there had been no limitation on required resources, exponential growth would lead to infinite numbers.
选项
答案D
解析
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