文学的工具是语言文字。我们第一须认识语言文字,其次须有运用语言文字的技巧。这事看来似乎很容易,因为一般人日常都在运用语言文字;但是实在极难,因为文学要用平常的语言文字产生不平常的效果。文学家对语言文字的了解,必须比一般人都要精确,然后可以运用自如。他必须懂

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问题     文学的工具是语言文字。我们第一须认识语言文字,其次须有运用语言文字的技巧。这事看来似乎很容易,因为一般人日常都在运用语言文字;但是实在极难,因为文学要用平常的语言文字产生不平常的效果。文学家对语言文字的了解,必须比一般人都要精确,然后可以运用自如。他必须懂得字的形声义,字的组织以及音义与组织对于读者所产生的影响。这主要包含文学、逻辑学、文法、美学和心理学。

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答案 The implement of literature is the language. First we have to know the language, and then we must be armed with the craft of using it. The thing looks easy, as all of us are using the language every day, but it is really difficult, because literature is something that is expressed by ordinary language to produce an extraordinary effect. A man of letters must apprehend the language more precisely and thoroughly than the ordinary people, so that he can use it at his will. He must understand the form, the sound, and the meaning of a word, as well as the effects of the arrangements of words in connexion with the sound and meaning to be left by the reader. This will involve such knowledge as philology, logic, grammar, aesthetics, and psychology.

解析     “有运用……的技巧”中的“有”译为be armed with,表达“掌握,具备”之意。“技巧”没有使用skill而是使用了名词craft,强调其是一种针对某种特定活动的所需技巧,在这里指文字运用技巧。
    a man of letters有“文人,文学家”之意,由于整篇文章正是在谈论使用语言文字(letters),所以这里使用a man of letters再一次表明文学家就是与语言文字打交道的人;“运用自如”中的“自如”对应表达at one’s will,体现出了文学家创作时“随心而为”的自由状态。
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