2. 外语
  3. Ludwig van Beethoven was an unhappy genius. He had deep feelings that he could not express in words. He found the way to express

Ludwig van Beethoven was an unhappy genius. He had deep feelings that he could not express in words. He found the way to express

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问题     Ludwig van Beethoven was an unhappy genius. He had deep feelings that he could not express in words. He found the way to express these feelings in music, and this led to a new kind of music that is expressive.
    Beethoven was born in the German city of Bonn, in 1770. His father was a singer in the Church choir, and he soon saw that Ludwig had musical ability. The father thought that Ludwig might be another wonder-child, like Mozart, and that he would make the family’s name and fortune. He forced the little boy to practice long hours on the violin.
    Mozart’s father had been kind, but Beethoven’s father was impatient and often rough with him. Also, Beethoven’s father was not reliable in earning a living for his family. As young Ludwig grew up he had to take a great deal of responsibility. When he was 15, and was working in the Church as assistance organist, Ludwig was practically supporting the family.
    But he had kind teachers and some good friends, and he was lucky enough to get a position playing the viola in the opera orchestra in Bonn. There he became familiar with the operas of Mozart and other composers, and he learned a great deal about the instruments of the orchestra and how they played together. This was to be valuable to him later in his own composing.
    When he decided to go to Vienna to study, the Archbishop at Bonn paid for his journey and other friends gave him letters to noblemen in Vienna. Beethoven was a very fine pianist, besides being able to play the violin and other stringed instruments. The Viennese music-lovers quickly adopted him as a favorite concert performer. But they criticized every new work of Beethoven’s because it was too different.
    The Viennese soon realized that they had an extraordinary genius living among them, and they made every effort to keep him. When Beethoven had an offer to go to another city as an orchestra conductor, three noblemen of Vienna banded together to pay him a regular income every year if he would stay with them, He stayed, and went on composing his big, powerful symphonies, concertos, piano sonatas and many other works.
    But except for his music, Beethoven was not a happy man. Before he was 30, he began to grow deaf. This was a terrible misfortune for a musician. His deafness came slowly and he was able to continue playing concerts until he was 44. But 10 years later, when his great Ninth Symphony was performed for the first time, he could not hear at all. He was sitting on the stage at the performance, watching the conductor, and he had his back to the audience. One of the singers turned him around so that he could see the audience enthusiastically applauding this tremendous symphony.
    Beethoven was a lonely man. Although he had fallen in love several times, he never married. His deafness made him still more lonely, for he would not go out in public at all. But he rose above his loneliness and deafness through his music. Even when he was totally deaf, he went on creating music that he could not hear except in his mind, expressing all the feelings he could not express to anyone in words.  
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答案 贝多芬是一个不幸的天才。他有很多不能用语言表达的深沉情感，但他找到了用音乐表达这些情感的方法，从而产生了一种新的表现力极强的音乐。 贝多芬于1770年生于德国的波恩。他的父亲是教堂唱诗班的歌手，不久就发现儿子身上的音乐天分，认为他很可能成为像莫扎特一样的“神童”，为家族带来声望和财富。他逼着儿子长时间地练琴。 莫扎特的父亲很仁慈，但贝多芬的父亲却十分暴躁，经常对他动粗。他还不能正常地挣钱养家，这使得贝多芬很小就挑起了家庭的重担。贝多芬15岁时就在教堂担任助理风琴师，挣钱养家。 他的老师和朋友对他很好，后来又有幸在波恩的歌剧院谋到乐队中提琴手的位置。在那里他接触了莫扎特的歌剧和其他作曲家的作品，并对各种乐器及其相互配合有了了解。这段经历对他日后创作音乐极其宝贵。 贝多芬决定去维也纳学习，波恩的主教为他提供盘缠，好友也为他给维也纳的望族写了推荐信。贝多芬是个出色的钢琴演奏家，也会演奏小提琴和多种弦乐乐器。维也纳的乐迷很快就爱上了这位音乐演奏家，但对他所做的乐曲却每每报以批评，认为它太过于另类。 很快维也纳入就意识到贝多芬是一个不可多得的天才，并千方百计地把他留住。当贝多芬接到聘书要到另一个城市担任乐队指挥时，三个维也纳贵族决定联合起来付给他固定薪水。贝多芬终于留了下来，继续从事大型交响乐，协奏曲，钢琴奏鸣曲和其他音乐创作。 但是，除了献身音乐外，贝多芬活得并不幸福。他在不到30岁时听力就开始减退，这对一个搞音乐的人来说是巨大的不幸。耳聋来的还算缓慢，使他在44岁前还能参加音乐会演出。但是，当10年后他的伟大的第九交响乐首演时，他已经什么也听不见了。他坐在舞台上看着指挥，却把背对着观众。一个歌手帮他转过身来，使他看到了观众正在为他的宏大的作品热情地鼓掌。 贝多芬是个性情孤僻的人，他多次恋爱，但从未成家。耳聋限制他出门社交，使他变得更加孤独。但他通过音乐战胜了孤独和耳聋，在完全失聪的情况下，他依旧不断创造着他只能在心灵中才能听到的音乐，倾诉着无法用语言诉说的情感。
解析     本文主要讲述音乐巨匠贝多芬的生平。侧重讲述他的成长历程，挖掘了他的内心世界。
    本文谈论的话题只需有普通的地名和音乐常识，但本文要求考查应试者在短时间内恰当理解英文结构的能力和准确翻译英语术语的能力。总之，此文的翻译将显示应试者的英文口译功底。
    - 基本素质采分点
    1．Beethoven                      贝多芬
    2．Bonn                           波恩(德国城市)
    3．Church choir                   教堂唱诗班
    4．Mozart                         莫扎特
    5．Vienna                         维也纳
    6．Archbishop                     主教
    7．concerto                       协奏曲
    8．piano sonata                   钢琴奏鸣曲
    9．Ninth Symphony                 第九交响曲(贝多芬名曲之一)
    - 结构理解采分点
    1．He found the way to express these feelings in music, and this led to a new kind of music that is expressive.
    该句的翻译要妥善处理and this指代关系，其实该指代关系表明了前后的因果关系，因此，原句可译为“但他找到了用音乐表达这些情感的方法，从而产生了一种新的表现力极强的音乐。”
    2．The father thought that Ludwig might be another wonder-child, like Mozart, and that he would make the family’s name and fortune.
    该句是复合句，含有两个that引导的宾语从句。该句的翻译要求将后置的修饰性表达放在它所修饰部分的前面，如对“like Mozart”的处理，因此，该句可译为“他的父亲认为他很可能成为像莫扎特一样的‘神童’，为家族带来声望和财富。”
    3．When Beethoven had an offer to go to another city as an orchestra conductor, three noblemen of Vienna banded together to pay him a regular income every year if he would stay with them.
    4．But he rose above his loneliness and deafness through his music.
    该句的翻译要注意可根据上下文情景，适当减词，如原句中最后if从句根据上下文可以省略，以免翻译的重复啰嗦。因此，原句可译为“当贝多芬接到聘书要到另一个城市担任乐队指挥时，三个维也纳贵族决定联合起来付给他固定薪水。”
    5．Even when he was totally deaf, he went on creating music that he could not hear except in his mind, expressing all the feelings he could not express to anyone in words.
    该句的结构很简单，但要处理好rise above的确切译法，此处，根据上下文可意译为“战胜”。因此，原句可译为“但他通过音乐战胜了孤独和耳聋。”原句是复合句，含有even when引导的状语从句，根据汉语语言习惯，when表达的“当……时”，一般不译出，或改换为符合习惯的其他表达方式。因此，原句可译为“在完全失聪的情况下，他依旧不断创造着他只能在心灵中才能听到的音乐，倾诉着无法用语言诉说的情感。”
    - 言语表达采分点
    1．expressive                               有表现力的
    2．wonder-child                             神童
    3．name                                     名誉
    4．support the family                       挣钱养家
    5．take a great deal of responsibility      承担很大的责任
    6．be valuable to                           对……有价值
    7．adopt                                    接纳
    8．make every effort to                     尽一切努力
    9．lonely                                   孤独的(这里指性格孤僻的)
    10．enthusiastic                            热情的，热烈的
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