首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
In the early 1950’s, historians who studied preindustrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly
In the early 1950’s, historians who studied preindustrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly
admin
2017-11-28
65
问题
In the early 1950’s, historians who studied preindustrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large numbers, to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite: the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishops, and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books. One difficulty, however, was that few of the remaining 97 percent recorded their thoughts or had them chronicled by contemporaries. Faced with this situation, many historians based their investigations on the only records that seemed to exist: birth, marriage, and death records. As a result, much of the early work on the nonelite was aridly statistical in nature; reducing the vast majority of the population to a set of numbers was hardly more enlightening than ignoring them altogether. Historians still did not know what these people thought or felt.
One way out of this dilemma was to turn to the records of legal courts, for here the voices of the nonelite can most often be heard, as witnesses, plaintiffs, and defendants. These documents have acted as "a point of entry into the mental world of the poor." Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents to extract case histories, which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups (these attitudes include, but are not confined to, attitudes toward crime and the law) and have revealed how the authorities administered justice. It has been societies that have had a developed police system and practiced Roman law, with its written depositions, whose court records have yielded the most data to historians. In Anglo-Saxon countries hardly any of these benefits obtain, but it has still been possible to glean information from the study of legal documents.
The extraction of case histories is not, however, the only use to which court records may be put. Historians who study preindustrial Europe have used the records to establish a series of categories of crime and to quantify indictments that were issued over a given number of years. This use of the records does yield some information about the nonelite, but this information gives us little insight into the mental lives of the nonelite. We also know that the number of indictments in preindustrial Europe bears little relation to the number of actual criminal acts, and we strongly suspect that the relationship has varied widely over time. In addition, aggregate population estimates are very shaky, which makes it difficult for historians to compare rates of crime per thousand in one decade of the preindustrial period with rates in another decade. Given these inadequacies, it is clear why the case history use of court records is to be preferred.
The author suggests that, before the early 1950’s, most historians who studied preindustrial Europe did which of the following?
选项
A、Failed to make distinctions among members of the preindustrial European political and social elite.
B、Used investigatory methods that were almost exclusively statistical in nature.
C、Inaccurately estimated the influence of the preindustrial European political and social elite.
D、Confined their work to a narrow range of the preindustrial European population.
答案
D
解析
事实细节题。文章第一段第一句提到,20世纪50年代早期,首次有大批研究前工业化时期的欧洲历史学家来调查前工业化时期的欧洲的大部分人口,而非那些少数政治与社会精英(这些精英仅占人口总数的百分之二到百分之三)。由此可知,在这之前,历史学家研究前工业化时期的欧洲人口时,总是把他们的工作局限于一个很小的范围(即占人口总数百分之二到百分之三的精英)。[D]项是对原文的概括。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ceua777K
本试题收录于:
翻译硕士(翻译硕士英语)题库专业硕士分类
0
翻译硕士(翻译硕士英语)
专业硕士
相关试题推荐
联合国教育、科学及文化组织(简称:联合国教科文组织,英文:UnitedNationsEducationalScientific:andCulturalOrganization,缩写UNESCO)成立于1946年11月,是联合国下属的专门机构之一。
Researchintothevalidityofselectionmethodshasconsistentlyshownthattheunstructuredinterview,______theinterviewera
Accordingtopsychologists,aperson’sattentionisattracted______bytheintensityofdifferentsignalsasbytheircontext:
Theincreaseinleisuretime,thehigherstandardofliving,theavailabilityofcarstoawiderrangeofthepopulationand,pe
______he’salreadyheardthenews.
Aboutonecommercialbankoutofeveryfourhasatrustdepartmentthatprovidesspecializedfiduciaryservicesforitscustomer
Frenchtoys:OnecouldnotfindabetterillustrationofthefactthattheadultFrenchmanseesthechildasanotherself.Allt
ManyUnitedStatescompanieshave,unfortunately,madethesearchforlegalprotectionfromimportcompetitionintoamajorline
Frenchtoys:onecouldnotfindabetterillustrationofthefactthattheadultFrenchmanseesthechildasanotherself.Allt
Giftsgivingisaccordingtodifferentcultures.Todaylet’sseebusinessgifts【M1】______givingintheU.K.Givinggif
随机试题
目标管理的优点。
阻力血管主要是指()
王宏是财务主管,她具有凭证的审核权,因此她可以审核自己录入的凭证。()
报关企业和进出口货物收发货人须经海关注册登记许可后方可向海关办理报关单位注册登记手续。()
在行业的()阶段,现金流转为正值。
下列各项中,在资产负债表中的“货币资金”项目中加以反映的有()。
“冬天来了,外面的小树也冷,它们也要穿衣服”体现了学前儿童思维()的特点。
A市市政府为了进一步改善城市交通环境,提升城市文明程度,准备联合多个部门开展一次文明交通“百日会战”专项行动。集中整治不文明和违法的交通行为。如果由你来负责,你会如何组织?
把6名学生分到三个班,每班2人,其中学生甲必须分一班,学生丙和乙不能分到三班,则不同的分法共有()种.
IP地址用______个字节表示。
最新回复
(
0
)