首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
American Folk Art What we today call American folk art was, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday "folks" who, with increasi
American Folk Art What we today call American folk art was, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday "folks" who, with increasi
admin
2018-08-11
74
问题
American Folk Art
What we today call American folk art was, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday "folks" who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits. Citizens of prosperous, essentially middle-class republics — whether ancient Romans, seventeenth-century Dutch burghers, or nineteenth-century Americans — have always shown a marked taste for portraiture. Starting in the late eighteenth century, the United States contained an increasing number of such people, and of the artists who could meet their demands.
The earliest American folk art portraits come, not surprisingly, from New England — especially Connecticut and Massachusetts — for this was a wealthy and populous region and the center of a strong craft tradition. Within a few decades after the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the population was pushing westward, and the portrait painters could be found at work in western New York, Ohio, Kentucky, Illinois, and Missouri. Midway through its first century2 as a nation, the United States’ population had increased roughly five times, and eleven new states had been added to original thirteen. During these years, the demand for portraits grew and grew, eventually to be satisfied by camera. In 1839 the daguerreotype was introduced to America, ushering in the age of photography, and within a generation the new invention put an end to the popularity of painted portraits. Once again an original portrait became a luxury, commissioned by the wealthy and executed by the professional.
But in the heyday of portrait painting — from the late eighteenth century until the 1850’s — anyone with a modicum of artistic ability could become a limner, as such a portraitist3 was called. Local craftspeople — sign, coach, and house painters — began to paint portraits as a profitable sideline; sometimes a talented man or woman who began by sketching family members gained a local reputation and was besieged with requests for portraits; artists found it worth their while to pack their paints, canvasses, and brushes and to travel the countryside, often combining house decorating with portrait painting.
选项
答案
美国民间艺术 我们所说的美国民间艺术是由普通百姓所拥有、创造并享受的艺术。随着财富和闲暇与日俱增,他们创造了各种艺术的市场,特别是肖像绘画。家境殷实的、主要是中产阶级的市民——不管他们是古罗马人,或是17世纪荷兰自治城市富裕居民,抑或是19世纪的美国人——都对肖像绘画艺术表现出突出的爱好。从18世纪晚期开始,美国这一群体的数量不断增加,而且满足画像要求的艺术家也不断地增加。 勿需惊奇,美国最早的民间艺术画像来自于新英格兰地区——特别是康涅狄格州和麻萨诸塞州——因为这一地区富裕,人口稠密,而且是浓厚艺术传统的中心。1776年《独立宣言》宣布后的几十年中,人口不断西徙,在纽约州西部、俄亥俄州、肯塔基州、伊利诺伊州、密苏里州,人们随处可见肖像画师绘画的身影。美国独立后50年间,人口增加了近五倍,原先13个州又增加了11个。在这些岁月里,肖像绘画的需求不断增长,直到有了照相机才算得到满足。1839年银版照相法传人美国,摄影时代开始,而且在不超过一代人的时间内,手工画像就不再风靡了。从此,人物画像又成了奢侈品——有钱人提出绘画要求,专业画家来完成绘画。 但是在肖像绘画的全盛时期——从18世纪晚期到19世纪50年代——任何有一点艺术才能的人都可以成为“画家”,当时的肖像画师就是这么被人称呼的。当地艺人——标牌、马车、房屋的画师——也开始画人物肖像作为一个赚钱的副业。有时候有绘画天赋的男子或妇女一开始只给家庭成员勾勒画像,很快在当地声誉鹊起,然后很多人前来要求画像;艺术家们发现,他们收拾起颜料、画布、画笔去各地巡游,既做房屋装饰又画人物肖像,是一件非常值得的事情。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/hZrO777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI二级笔译实务题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI二级笔译实务
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
Norevolutionsintechnologyhaveasvisiblymarkedthehumanconditionasthoseintransport.Movinggoodsandpeople,theyhav
Norevolutionsintechnologyhaveasvisiblymarkedthehumanconditionasthoseintransport.Movinggoodsandpeople,theyhav
Ifindthatmostchildren’sbooksareaboutboys,menandmaleanimals,andmostdealaboutmaleadventures.
Amongthelowestofthejudicialranks,justicesofthepeaceneverthelessfrequentlyexercisejurisdictionoveravarietyofmi
Thereareactuallytoomanyopportunitiestolearnmore,toseemore,andtounderstandmore,andtheyallrequireustochange,
—Ilockedmyselfoutofmyapartment.Ididn’tknowwhattodo.—Youmaycallyourroommate.
Imaginebeingaskedtospend12orsoyearsofyourlifeinasocietywhichconsistedonlyofmembersofyourownsex.Howwould
Itgivesanopportunitytoreflectalot,______alotaboutnotonlyyourowndailyactivities,butjustwhat’sgoingoninthe
A:您好!怀特先生。我叫夏征,是天明电机进口公司的副总经理。虽然这是我们首次见面,但在过去的函电往来中,我经常见到您的名字,久仰了。B:ThisismyfirstvisittothemetropolisofGuangzhouand
妈妈姓马,她要我姓了她的姓,给我取名一个“力”字。妈说她盼我永远有力量,去争一口气。
随机试题
非正式沟通不能满足职工的()需要。
《对外贸易法》规定,在国际服务贸易方面,我国根据缔结的或者参加的国际条约、协定中作出的承诺,给予其他缔约方、参加方市场准人和()
2016年8月,C市D区基层法院对某轮胎厂诉某橡胶厂购销合同纠纷案作出一审判决,认定双方所签订的合同为有效合同,某橡胶厂应按时足量提供合同约定的货物。在判决向双方送达后的第二天,一审法院就发现了原判决有错误,在原合同法律效力问题上应认定为无效。在此情况下,
对于精密工程测量,下列高程测量方法中,精度最高的是()。
用于大桥的在锚具、夹具和连接器进场时,除应按出厂合格证和质量证明书核查锚固性能类别、型号、规格及数量外,还应进行()等验收工作。
根据案情和有关法律规定,从行政执法的合法、合理性原则出发,本案中不符合法律规定的主要有()。税务机关告知的内容包括()。
已知A={3,a,b},B={a2,3,3b},且A=B,求a,b的值.
班主任工作的重要内容之一是开展以班级()为核心的常规管理。
马克思说:“立法者应该把自己看作是一个自然科学家,他不是在制造法律,不是在发明法律,而是在表述法律,……如果一个立法者用自己的臆想来代替事物的本质,那么我们就应该责备他极端任性。”下列哪些说法不违背这句话的原意?()
下列各项前后对应有误的是()。
最新回复
(
0
)