2. 考研
  3. The sciences are differentiated precisely on the basis of the particular contradictions inherent in their respective objects of

The sciences are differentiated precisely on the basis of the particular contradictions inherent in their respective objects of

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问题 The sciences are differentiated precisely on the basis of the particular contradictions inherent in their respective objects of study. Thus the contradiction peculiar to a certain field of phenomena constitutes the object of study for a specific branch of science. For example, positive and negative numbers in mathematics; action and reaction in mechanics; positive and negative electricity in physics; dissociation and combination in chemistry; forces of production and relations of production, classes and class struggle, in social science; offence and defense in military science; idealism and materialism, the metaphysical outlook and the dialectical outlook, in philosophy; and so on—all these are the objects of study of different branches of science precisely because each branch has its own particular contradiction and particular essence.
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答案 科学研究的区分，就是根据科学对象所具有的特殊的矛盾性。因此，对于某一现象的领域所特有的某一种矛盾的研究，就构成某一门科学的对象。例如，数学中的正数和负数，机械学中的作用和反作用，物理学中的阴电和阳电，化学中的化分和化合，社会科学中的生产力和生产关系、阶级和阶级的互相斗争，军事学中的攻击和防御，哲学中的唯心论和唯物论、形而上学观和辩证法观等等，都是因为具有特殊的矛盾和特殊的本质，才构成了不同的科学研究的对象。
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