2. 外语
  3. Interpret the following passages from Chinese into English. Start interpreting at the signal and stop at the signal. You may tak

Interpret the following passages from Chinese into English. Start interpreting at the signal and stop at the signal. You may tak

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问题    Interpret the following passages from Chinese into English. Start interpreting at the signal and stop at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear each passage only once. Now, let’s begin.
最近几年来，中国经济增长速度放慢。为了解决这一问题，中国政府在2015年提出了推进供给侧改革的方针。国际社会对此高度关注，但也出现了一些误解。中国为什么要推出这一政策?
   我想强调的是，中国现在所推行的供给侧改革和上世纪80年代美国和英国搞的供给侧经济学是完全不一样的。美国推行供给侧经济学的主要做法是大规模减税，英国推行供给侧经济学的做法是对国有企业进行私有化。而中国推行的供给侧改革所要解决的问题和手段完全不同。
   中国经济当前面临的最大挑战是，所有生产领域内都存在产能过剩的问题，钢铁和煤炭行业尤为突出。2015年，中国的钢铁产量超过8亿吨，煤炭产量接近40亿吨，都远远大于需求。这导致这两个行业亏损严重，占用和浪费了大量资源和能源，削弱了中国经济的总体效益。但另一方面，中国又存在有效供给严重不足的问题。比如，消费者需要高端、高质量的消费品，但国内又满足不了，结果出现了大量中国人到国外购物，买电饭锅、甚至抽水马桶的现象。仅2015年一年，中国游客在海外花了两千多亿美元购买消费品。
   所以，中国推行供给侧改革，就是要减少过剩的生产能力，同时增加有效供给。今后五年内，中国将减少钢铁生产能力1．5亿吨，减少煤炭生产能力5亿吨。同时，中国政府推出了一系列措施，鼓励企业创新，生产消费者所需要的高端产品，今年在这方面投入的资金将超过500亿美元。中国政府也将积极增加医疗、教育、养老、旅游等领域的有效供给。我确信，采取这些措施将确保中国经济长期稳定的发展。
选项
答案 China’s economic growth has slowed down in the past few years. To solve this problem, the Chinese government adopted the policy of carrying out supply-side reform in 2015. The international community has followed this new policy with keen interest, but some people have shown misunderstanding about it. Why has China adopted this policy? What I want to stress is that the supply-side reform being pursued by China is completely different from the supply-side economics pursued by the United States and Britain back in the 1980s. What the United States did in pursuing supply-side economics was to introduce massive tax reductions, and what Britain did was to privatize state-owned enterprises. Whereas in China’s case, the problem to be solved by carrying out supply-side reform and the measures being taken are quite different. The biggest challenge facing China’s economy is the overproduction capacity in all sectors, particularly in steel making and coal production. In 2015, China’s steel output exceeded 800 million tons, and its coal output was close to 4 billion tons, far exceeding demand. As a result, these two sectors have suffered huge losses, while consuming and wasting a lot of resources and energy, thus weakening the overall performance of China’s economy. On the other hand, China also faces the problem of serious lack of effective supply. For example, consumers need high-end and quality consumer goods, but such demand cannot be met domestically. As a result, many Chinese go on shopping trips overseas and buy goods such as electric rice cookers and even toilet seats. In 2015 alone, Chinese tourists spent over US$200 billion on consumer goods abroad. So what China intends to do by carrying out supply-side reform is to cut overproduction capacity and increase effective supply. In the next five years, China will cut its steel production capacity by 150 million tons and coal production capacity by half a billion tons. At the same time, the Chinese government has rolled out a series of policy steps to encourage companies to make innovation and produce high-end products which consumers need. This year, the government will invest $50 billion for this purpose. The Chinese government will also take steps to increase effective supply for such sectors as health care, education, elderly care, and tourism. I am confident that these steps will ensure the sustained and steady growth of the Chinese economy.
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