首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
At the university where I teach, fewer and fewer new books are available from the library in their physical, printed form. And y
At the university where I teach, fewer and fewer new books are available from the library in their physical, printed form. And y
admin
2016-07-09
26
问题
At the university where I teach, fewer and fewer new books are available from the library in their physical, printed form. And yet, the company that just published my textbook tells me that about 90 percent of students who buy my book choose to lug around the four-pound paper version rather than purchase the weightless e-book. So why would students opt for the pricier and more cumbersome version? Is the library missing something important about the nature of printed versus electronic books?
Cognitive research shows that the way we read varies widely in different settings, with text acting as a prompt for very different kinds of mental pursuits. While reading, it’s possible, among other things, to generate strong visual images based on the text, to marshal arguments against the author’s main point, to speculate about the motivations of characters, to connect the text to personal experiences, to form an opinion, or to notice the sensory and aesthetic qualities of the text, to name just a few. Not all of these take place every time you read, so there is not just one activity called "reading," done either poorly or well.
A growing body of research shows that the same information can trigger very different thoughts depending on the cognitive goals that people have in mind. Readers can be instructed to create vivid imagery or to learn over time to make deeper inferences, both of which lead to better retention of the material they’ve read. And when readers are told to form an impression of people they’re reading about rather than to read for the purpose of memorizing the text, they organize the information from the text less haphazardly and are able to recall more of it.
Cognitive goals can also be unintentionally triggered by cues that never even enter a reader’s awareness. So, just as people can be told to form an impression of a character they read about, they can also be prompted to unconsciously pursue the same goal. In one study, researchers asked people to unscramble sentences that contained words like evaluate, judgment, and personality before reading excerpts about a character. In another, these words were subliminally(潜意识地)flashed at subjects before they took part in the reading task. In both of these studies, simply seeing words related to the goal of character assessment affected readers in much the same way as asking them explicitly to judge character.
The emerging research on cognitive goals and their triggers offers an intriguing way to think about why reading the same text in different formats or even styles of presentation might engage the mind in such different ways. A hard-copy textbook—including its four-pound heft—may serve as a powerful cue that sets off cognitive activities that are very distinct from those that are involved in reading your Twitter feed or thumbing through a paperback romance novel. Through its lifelong associations with classrooms and the intellectual calisthenics(健美体操)that take place there, a physical tome may spark a self-analytical frame of mind, prompting you to take stock of your understanding, re-reading passages to fill in gaps, and constantly " testing" yourself on your mastery of the material.
The research should also motivate publishers—especially of online text—to think deeply about how elements of presentation and design can serve as signals to nudge the reader into the mental activities that do justice to the text. For example, an online literary mag that looks like a page from BuzzFeed may leave readers with limp, unsatisfying experiences simply because it’s too hard to arouse the contemplative and sensory goals that lead to properly savoring its content. The magazine needs to signal that a different kind of reading is called for, perhaps by borrowing some of the elements that poets have long used to cue readers to pay close attention to the language of a poem: stripping away graphic distractions, formatting text sparsely and unconventionally, and surrounding it with generous swaths of empty space.
Understanding how reading works means abandoning the idea that the presentation of a text is as inconsequential as whether a plate of food is served with a sprig of decorative parsley. In fact, the packaging of text likely contains rich implicit instructions for what we do with it.
It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that______.
选项
A、proper environment contributes to effective reading
B、people recall their own experiences while reading
C、reading is a complex of varied mental activities
D、reading should not be regarded as a cognitive activity
答案
C
解析
推断题。由题干定位至第二段。该段首句即提到认知研究表明阅读在不同环境下是十分不同的活动,第二句举例说明若干项可能发生的活动,由此可知阅读是多种思维活动的综合,故答案为[C]。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/mX7O777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
TheRepublicofIrelandhasthe______originalcountiesofthe32ofIreland.
AstronomershavediscoveredwhatmaybefiveplanetsorbitingTauCeti,theclosestsinglestarbeyondoursolarsystemwhosete
Formostofus,workisthecentral,dominatingfactoflife.Wespendmorethanhalfourconscioushoursatwork,preparingfo
Thiswasthecapital’smostanxiousweeksinceSeptember11th.OnMondaythegovernmentissuedaredalertthatterroristattac
SuggestopediaI.IntroductionA.BasedonhowthebrainworksandhowwelearnmosteffectivelyB.Derivedfromsuggestionand
我想不起来哪一个熟人没有手机。今天没有手机的人是奇怪的,这种人才需要解释。我们的所有社会关系都储存在手机的电话本里,可以随时调出使用。古代只有巫师才能拥有这种法宝。手机刷新了人与人的关系。会议室门口通常贴着一条通告:请与会者关闭手机。可是会议室里
克隆人、千年虫、互联网……我们触目所见的许多东西都在挑战我们的思维和传统。虽然我们应当有勇气来接受和不断地超越人类的局限,可是并非一切发展都无懈可击。无限制的发展和无限制的挥霍一样的可怕,所以西方科学家生活在隐忧中,对未来的科学又喜又惊,反思科学发展成了他
Poetrydoesn’tmattertomostpeople.Onehastowonderifpoetryhasanyplaceinthe21stcentury,whenmusicvideosandsat
A、Ambivalent.B、Subjective.C、Objective.D、Oppositive.C本题设题点在观点态度处。根据句(8一1)可知,乔安妮博士认为白天小憩有益,而在句(8—2)中乔安妮博士提到小憩的时间太长反而不好,由此可以推出乔
我母亲虽则并不知书识字,却把她的全副希望放在我的教育上。我是一个早慧的小孩,不满三岁时,就已认了八百多字,都是我父亲每天用红笺方块教我的。我才满三岁零点,便在学堂里念书。我当时是个多病的小孩,没有搀扶,不能跨一个六英寸高的门槛。但我比学堂里所有别的学生都能
随机试题
小肠的pH通常为多少,比较利于弱碱性药物的吸收
资产重组对公司的影响有()。
已知:某公司现金收支平稳,预计全年(按360天计算)现金需要量为156250元,现金与有价证券的交易成本为每次400元.有价证券年利率为5%。要求:计算最佳现金持有量。
文学家张某收集了近现代著名作家的作品,并按照其独特的文学理论进行分类,将上述作品的片段汇集成册,编写了《名人名家写人》《名人名家写景》《名人名家写事》等三本书。某出版社未经张某的许可复制上述三本书,向社会公开发行。根据著作权法及相关规定,下列哪些说法是正确
Boys’schoolsaretheperfectplacetoteachyoungmentoexpresstheiremotionsandaremorelikelytogetinvolvedinactiviti
以毛泽东为代表的中共中央.在到达陕北后,总结历史经验。加强共产党自身的思想理论建设,对党的政治路线、军事路线和思想路线进行了拨乱反正,使他们满怀信心地迎接即将到来的伟大的抗日民族解放战争。这些理论作品有()
Itisalmost15yearssinceIfirsttestedamobilephone.IwascoveringtheLiveAidconcertatWembleyanditwasafiasco.M
【S1】【S4】
Whywerethetoptwodirectorsofsecretpoliceforcedout?
Publicofficialsandcandidatesforpublicofficeroutinelyusepublicopinion【C1】______tokeep【C2】______ofwhatthepeoplear
最新回复
(
0
)