首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Scientists are supposed to change their minds. 【F1】Having adopted their views on scientific questions based on an objective eval
Scientists are supposed to change their minds. 【F1】Having adopted their views on scientific questions based on an objective eval
admin
2017-06-25
90
问题
Scientists are supposed to change their minds. 【F1】
Having adopted their views on scientific questions based on an objective evaluation of empirical evidence, they are expected to willingly, even eagerly, abandon cherished beliefs when new evidence undercuts them.
So it is remarkable that so few of the essays in a new book in which scientists answer the question in the title, "What Have You Changed Your Mind About?" express anything like this ideal.
Many of the changes of mind are just changes of opinion or an evolution of values. One contributor, a past supporter of manned spaceflight, now thinks it’s pointless, while another no longer has moral objections to cognitive enhancement through drugs. Other changes of mind have to do with busted predictions, such as that computer intelligence would soon rival humans’. 【F2】
Rare, however, are changes of mind by scientists identified with either side of a controversial issue.
There is no one who rose to fame arguing that a disease is caused by sticky brain plaques and who has now been convinced by evidence that the plaques are mostly innocent bystanders, not culprits. But really, we shouldn’ t be surprised.【F3】
Supporters of a particular viewpoint especially if their reputation is based on the accuracy of that viewpoint, cling to it like a shipwrecked man to floats.
Studies that undermine that position, they say, are fatally flawed.
In truth, no study is perfect, so it would be crazy to abandon an elegant, well-supported theory because one new finding undercuts it. 【F4】
But it’s fascinating how scientists with an intellectual stake in a particular side of a debate tend to see flaws in studies that undercut their dearly held views, and to interpret and even ignore "facts" to fit their views.
No wonder the historian Thomas Kuhn concluded almost 50 years ago that a scientific paradigm falls down only when the last of its powerful adherents dies.
The few essays in which scientists do admit they were wrong—and about something central to their reputation—therefore stand out.【F5】
Physicist Marcelo Gleiser of Dartmouth breaks ranks with almost every physicist since Einstein, and with his Own younger self, in now doubting that the laws of nature can be unified in a single elegant formulation.
Gleiser has written dozens of papers proposing routes to the unification of gravity and quantum mechanics through everything from superstrings to extra dimensions, but now concedes that "all attempts so far have failed." Unification may be esthetically appealing, but it’s not how nature works.
【F4】
选项
答案
但有趣的是,与某一争论的特定一方存在智力利害关系的科学家如何倾向于从动摇自己深信的观点的研究中发现破绽.并解释甚至忽略“事实”以使其符合自己的观点。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/nTbZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
IfyouaskaSwisspersonwhotheirpresidentis,theylikelywon’tbeabletotellyou.Andit’snotbecausetheyarepolitical
Scientistshavelongarguedovertherelativecontributionsofpracticeandnativetalenttothedevelopmentofeliteperformanc
Scientistshavelongarguedovertherelativecontributionsofpracticeandnativetalenttothedevelopmentofeliteperformanc
MuchofcontinentalEuropeisinpoorshape.True,theaggregatewealthofpeopleislittlechangedandthesocialcapitalinmu
Ittooksometimetofigureoutjusttherightshoppingcomplex,offjusttherighthighwayinterchangeandjusttherightdista
Ittooksometimetofigureoutjusttherightshoppingcomplex,offjusttherighthighwayinterchangeandjusttherightdista
Ittooksometimetofigureoutjusttherightshoppingcomplex,offjusttherighthighwayinterchangeandjusttherightdista
Ittooksometimetofigureoutjusttherightshoppingcomplex,offjusttherighthighwayinterchangeandjusttherightdista
Inthe20thcenturytheplanet’spopulationdoubledtwice.Itwillnotdoubleevenonceinthe【C1】______century,becausebirthr
随机试题
按基础工具的种类,金融衍生工具可以分为()。Ⅰ.信用衍生工具Ⅱ.股权类产品的衍生工具Ⅲ.货币衍生工具Ⅳ.利率衍生工具
在著名的“八年研究”报告中首次正式提出教育评价概念的学者是()
案例A省某煤矿各种证照均在有效期内。2018年核准生产能力为80×104t/a。该矿为低瓦斯矿井,煤尘具有强爆炸性。2018年11月某日,该煤矿发生一起严重煤尘爆炸事故,造成143人死亡、70人受伤,直接经济损失5259万元。事故发生后,该煤矿针
某公司对4名部门经理进行考核,在听取个人述职报告后,由总经理、各部门员工以及其他同事对其工作绩效进行评价。然后,公司又组织专家对4人的工作绩效进行了量化评价。评价结果如下表:根据以上资料,回答下列问题:根据上表,工作绩效最好的部门经理是(
物业服务企业中,主营业收入的内容不包括()。
劳动教养属于()。
建立专门机关与广大群众相结合的社会工程的具体内容包括()。
Threeyearshave______sincewelastmetattheconferenceforInternetcommunicationinBeijing.
患者,男性,50岁。患有牙周病,经检查有咬合创伤,需进行龈上洁治、龈下刮治、根面平整等治疗,医生建议调时机最好选择在()。
设由曲线,nπ≤x≤(n+1)π,n=1,2,3,…与x轴所围成区域绕y轴旋转所得的体积为vn,并记以其为通项的数列为{1},则下列说法正确的是()。
最新回复
(
0
)