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  3. Campaigning for votes in the western province of Maharashtra this month, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh of India vowed to give su

Campaigning for votes in the western province of Maharashtra this month, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh of India vowed to give su

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问题     Campaigning for votes in the western province of Maharashtra this month, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh of India vowed to give such a remarkable facelift to Mumbai, the state capital, that people " should forget talking about Shanghai. "
    Now that the election results are in, and a coalition led by Singh’s Congress Party has retained power in the province, the prime minister must make good his promise, which will take more than a paint job.
    The consulting firm McKinsey says it would cost $ 44 billion to make Mumbai a world-class city that can rank alongside Shanghai.
    A revival of Mumbai, the country’s trade and entertainment hub, is more than a matter of image. It’s an economic necessity.
    The city of 12 million fills two-fifths of the nation’s corporate-tax kitty, yet a third of its people live in slums.
    Mumbai’s economy has lagged the national average growth rate of about 7 percent since 1998 — a level of underperformance that is impossible to reverse without mending the city’s creaky infrastructure.
    A choked, potholed Mumbai is symptomatic of a wider urban malaise. It isn’t that a fast-growing economy like India can’t find the resources to invest in its cities, where much of its economic growth is being produced.
    By 2025, one of (the) two Indians would be living in an urban center, up from one in three now.
    Morgan Stanley’s chief economist, Stephen Roach, recently undertook a 115-mile, or 184-kilometer, car journey from Mumbai to the industrial city of Pune on a new expressway, which he says " is a huge cut above any of the other motor routes that I had been on in India. "
    Yet, by Chinese standards, the new road merits a "B minus, at best," he says. "If this is progress in closing India’s infrastructure gap, the problem is even worse than I had imagined. "
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答案 印度总理曼莫汉?辛格本月在西部省份马哈拉施特拉邦争取选票，曾宣称保证使首府孟买的面貌大为改观，到那时人们就“用不着老念叨上海了”。 既然选举结果已经揭晓，辛格的国民大会党领导的联合政权在这一省份继续执政，总理就必须兑现其诺言，不过这可不是一件粉刷一下就能了结的事。 据麦肯锡咨询公司称，需要耗费440亿美元方能使孟买成为一个世界级城市，以与上海相媲美。 孟买是印度的贸易枢纽和娱乐中心。孟买的振兴不只是一个形象问题，为了发展经济，必须使孟买复兴。 孟买有人口1200万，为国家提供五分之二的公司税收，却有三分之一的人生活在贫民窟里。 自1998年以来，孟买的经济一直低于全国平均百分之七的增长率。如果不改善陈旧的基础设施，孟买就无法扭转这种落后的状态。 孟买空气污浊，道路坑洼不平，这些表面现象隐藏着一个更大的城市问题。不是说像印度这样经济迅速增长的国家没有钱在城市里投资，它的经济增长在很大程度上就是在城市里实现的。 到2025年，每两个印度人中就有一人生活在城市里，而不像现在这样每三人才有一人生活在城市里了。 摩根斯坦利公司的首席经济学家斯蒂芬?罗奇最近驱车115英里(合184公里)，沿一条新建的高速公路从孟买到达工业城市浦那。他说，这条公路“比我在印度走过的任何一条高速公路都好得多。” 然而，按中国的标准，这条新建的公路，据他说“最多只能打个B一。”他还说：“如果说这也算印度在缩小基础设施的差距方面取得的进步，那么问题比我原先想像的还要严重了。”
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