首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research. Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than 3
Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research. Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than 3
admin
2023-03-14
51
问题
Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research. Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than 30,000 journals. The scientific community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways, including the perceived quality of the journal (as reflected by the title’s impact factor) and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates. The careers of scientists and the reputation of their institutions depend on the number and prestige of the papers they produce, but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers.
In recent years, there have been several episodes of scientific fraud, including completely made-up data, massaged or doctored figures, multiple publications of the same data, theft of complete articles, plagiarism of text, and self-plagiarism. And some scientists have come up with another way to artificially boost the number of citations to their work.
Citation cartels, where journals, authors, and institutions conspire to inflate citation numbers, have existed for a long time. In 2016, researchers developed an algorithm to recognize suspicious citation patterns, including groups of authors that disproportionately cite one another and groups of journals that cite each other frequently to increase the impact factors of their publications. Recently, another expression of this predatory behavior has emerged: so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other editorial support to individual authors and to journals that sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles and the articles of colleagues. Some of these consultancies are also active in organizing conferences and can advise that citations be added to conference proceedings. In this manner, a single editor can drive hundreds of citations in the direction of his own articles or those of colleagues that may be in his circle.
The advent of electronic publishing and authors’ need to find outlets for their papers resulted in thousands of new journals. The birth of predatory journals wasn’t far behind. These journals can act as milk cows where every single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers. In some instances, there is absolutely no relationship between the content of the article and the citations. The peculiar part is that the journal that the editor is supposedly working for is not profiting at all—it is just providing citations to other journals. Such practices can lead an article to accrue more than 150 citations in the same year that it was published.
How insidious is this type of citation manipulation? In one example, an individual— acting as author, editor, and consultant—was able to use at least 15 journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at three universities. The problem is rampant in Scopus, a citation database, which includes a high number of the new "international" journals. In fact, a listing in Scopus seems to be a criterion to be targeted in this type of citation manipulation.
Scopus itself has all the data necessary to detect this malpractice. Red flags include a large number of citations to an article within the first year. And for authors who wish to steer clear of citation cartel activities: when an editor, a reviewer, or a support service asks you to add inappropriate references, do not oblige and do report the request to the journal.
The function of the "milk cow" to journals is to_________.
选项
A、boost citation counts for certain authors
B、help scholars publish articles at low cost
C、instruct first-time contributors in citation
D、increase the readership of new journals
答案
A
解析
根据题干中的milk cow定位到第四段,其中提到掠夺性期刊随后出现。这些期刊可以像奶牛一样,每期的每篇文章都可以引用一篇特定的论文或一系列论文,那么也就是说“milk cow"的出现就是为了增加特定论文的引用数,故正确答案为A。文中提到编辑所效劳的期刊根本没有盈利,但是这并不代表“milk cow”会帮助学者在发表文章时花更少的费用,故排除 B 选项。文中并未提到 first-time contributors,属于无中生有,故排除 C选项。文中只是在说会增加引用数,这与选项 D 中的 readership(读者人数)毫无关系,故排除 D 选项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/wOMD777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
"Juststicktoscience."ThisisacommonadmonitionthatSciencereceiveswhenwepublishcommentariesandnewsstoriesonpoli
"Juststicktoscience."ThisisacommonadmonitionthatSciencereceiveswhenwepublishcommentariesandnewsstoriesonpoli
ArecentstudypublishedinthejournalAppliedPhysiology,NutritionandMetabolismhassomeveryexcitingfindingsinthefigh
MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeG.I.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymbolofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat’s
MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeG.I.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymbolofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat’s
随机试题
社会精神财富的源泉是()
下列引起盆腔炎的病原菌中,哪种是以血行感染为主要传播途径的
家猫,雌性,2岁,前天突发呼吸抑制、张口呼吸,体温正常。X线侧位片见在肺和膈、肺和脊柱、肺和胸骨间有透明的间隙,显示为黑色,心脏向背侧提升,主动脉和后腔静脉非常清晰,中央肺部密度升高。最可能的诊断是()
输液中发生空气栓塞,处理方法错误的是()。
采用普通混凝土小型空心砌块砌筑墙体时,下列不正确的是()。
给水与污水处理构筑物和设备安装、试验、验收完成后,正式运行前必须进行联机运行,具体要求为()。
现金日记账、银行存款日记账、转账日记账属于序时账。()
阅读下面的短文,回答问题。【Recently,telecommunicationcarriershasbeenbuildingAll-IPcorenetworksinordertoeffectivelysupportvari
1个葡萄糖分子有氧呼吸释放的能量为m,其中40%用于ADP转化为ATP,若1个高能磷酸键所含能量为n,则1个葡萄糖分子在有氧呼吸中产生的ATP分子数为()。
赵明与王洪都是某高校辩论协会成员,在为今年华语辩论赛招募新队员问题上,两人发生了争执。赵明:我们一定要选拔喜爱辩论的人,因为一个人只有喜爱辩论,才能投入精力和时间研究辩论并参加辩论赛。王洪:我们招募的不是辩论爱好者,而是能打硬仗的辩手,
最新回复
(
0
)