首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Scientists are supposed to change their minds. 【F1】Having adopted their views on scientific questions based on an objective eval
Scientists are supposed to change their minds. 【F1】Having adopted their views on scientific questions based on an objective eval
admin
2017-06-25
100
问题
Scientists are supposed to change their minds. 【F1】
Having adopted their views on scientific questions based on an objective evaluation of empirical evidence, they are expected to willingly, even eagerly, abandon cherished beliefs when new evidence undercuts them.
So it is remarkable that so few of the essays in a new book in which scientists answer the question in the title, "What Have You Changed Your Mind About?" express anything like this ideal.
Many of the changes of mind are just changes of opinion or an evolution of values. One contributor, a past supporter of manned spaceflight, now thinks it’s pointless, while another no longer has moral objections to cognitive enhancement through drugs. Other changes of mind have to do with busted predictions, such as that computer intelligence would soon rival humans’. 【F2】
Rare, however, are changes of mind by scientists identified with either side of a controversial issue.
There is no one who rose to fame arguing that a disease is caused by sticky brain plaques and who has now been convinced by evidence that the plaques are mostly innocent bystanders, not culprits. But really, we shouldn’ t be surprised.【F3】
Supporters of a particular viewpoint especially if their reputation is based on the accuracy of that viewpoint, cling to it like a shipwrecked man to floats.
Studies that undermine that position, they say, are fatally flawed.
In truth, no study is perfect, so it would be crazy to abandon an elegant, well-supported theory because one new finding undercuts it. 【F4】
But it’s fascinating how scientists with an intellectual stake in a particular side of a debate tend to see flaws in studies that undercut their dearly held views, and to interpret and even ignore "facts" to fit their views.
No wonder the historian Thomas Kuhn concluded almost 50 years ago that a scientific paradigm falls down only when the last of its powerful adherents dies.
The few essays in which scientists do admit they were wrong—and about something central to their reputation—therefore stand out.【F5】
Physicist Marcelo Gleiser of Dartmouth breaks ranks with almost every physicist since Einstein, and with his Own younger self, in now doubting that the laws of nature can be unified in a single elegant formulation.
Gleiser has written dozens of papers proposing routes to the unification of gravity and quantum mechanics through everything from superstrings to extra dimensions, but now concedes that "all attempts so far have failed." Unification may be esthetically appealing, but it’s not how nature works.
【F2】
选项
答案
然而,鲜有观念的改变是由支持争议性问题某一方的科学家作出的。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/2TbZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
IfyouaskaSwisspersonwhotheirpresidentis,theylikelywon’tbeabletotellyou.Andit’snotbecausetheyarepolitical
Manyrunnersmaybewearingthewrongshoesfortheirparticularstride,accordingtoanewscientificresearchaboutrunningsh
RoyalMailcouldbemadetoacceptfurthercontrolsonstamppricesaspartofaninquiryannouncedbythecommunicationswatchd
Scientistshavelongarguedovertherelativecontributionsofpracticeandnativetalenttothedevelopmentofeliteperformanc
Scientistshavelongarguedovertherelativecontributionsofpracticeandnativetalenttothedevelopmentofeliteperformanc
Ittooksometimetofigureoutjusttherightshoppingcomplex,offjusttherighthighwayinterchangeandjusttherightdista
Ittooksometimetofigureoutjusttherightshoppingcomplex,offjusttherighthighwayinterchangeandjusttherightdista
随机试题
Windows是一个交互式的系统,用户和()之间通过对话框来进行各种对话。
A.心悸,气喘,胸闷,脉结B.咳嗽,咯痰,胸闷,气喘C.畏冷,肢凉,舌胖,脉迟D.浮肿或久泄,完谷不化上述哪项为阳虚证的共有症
急性心肌梗死时,最先恢复正常的酶是
良心在医务人员的行为过程中具有
美术课堂讨论的主要作用有哪些?
某汽车坐垫加工厂生产一种汽车坐垫,每套的成本是144元,售价是200元。一个经销商订购了120套这种汽车坐垫,并提出:如果每套坐垫的售价每降低2元,就多订购6套。按经销商的要求,该加工厂获得最大利润需售出的套数是()。
A、 B、 C、 D、 B
人民政协是具有中国特色的制度安排,是社会主义协商民主的重要渠道和专门协商机构。人民政协工作要
PassiveSmokingIsWorkplaceKillerPressuremountedonBritainonMondaytotakeactionon(51)smokingwithnewresearchs
LookatthestatementsbelowandatthefiveextractsfromanarticleaboutInnovation.Whicharticle(A,B,C,DorE)doeseach
最新回复
(
0
)