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  3. 下面你将听到的是一段有关中国健康事业发展的讲话。

下面你将听到的是一段有关中国健康事业发展的讲话。

admin2021-04-19  28
问题 下面你将听到的是一段有关中国健康事业发展的讲话。
健康是人类生存和社会发展的基本条件。……
       ……多年来，中国坚持为人民健康服务，把提高人民的健康水平、实现人人得享健康作为发展的重要目标。经过长期不懈奋斗，中国显著提高了人民健康水平，不仅摘掉了“东亚病夫” 的耻辱帽子，而且公共卫生整体实力、医疗服务和保障能力不断提升，全民身体素质、健康素养持续增强，被世界卫生组织誉为“发展中国家的典范”。
       健康事业的发展给人民群众带来实实在在的健康福祉，中国人均预期寿命从1981年的67.9岁提高到2016年的76.5岁，孕产妇死亡率从1990年的88.9/10万下降到2016年的19.9/10万，婴儿死亡率从1981年的34.7‰下降到2016年的7.5‰，居民的主要健康指标总体上优于中高收入国家平均水平，提前实现联合国千年发展目标。同时，中国已形成了以宪法为总领，以民事法律法规、卫生行政法律法规、地方性法规等为实施基础，以健康领域各种纲要、纲领、计划为行动指南的健康制度体系，有效平衡医患关系，公正化解医疗纠纷，切实实现公民健康权。
       ……
       ……中国清醒地认识到，保障人民健康是一个系统工程，需要长时间的持续努力。当前，由于工业化、城镇化、人口老龄化，由于疾病谱、生态环境、生活方式不断变化，中国仍面临多重疾病威胁并存、多种健康影响因素交织的复杂局面；同时，随着生活水平提高和健康观念增强，人民群众对健康产品、健康服务的需求持续增长，并呈现出多层次、多元化、个性化的特征。中国既面对着发达国家面临的健康问题，也面对着发展中国家面临的健康问题。
       为了更好地保障人民群众的健康权，中国正在加紧推进健康中国建设，已制定实施《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》《全民健身计划（2016—2020年）》《“十三五”卫生与健康规划》《“十三五”深化医药卫生体制改革规划》等一系列规划纲要，并提出“三步走”的目标，即到2020年，建立覆盖城乡居民的中国特色基本医疗卫生制度，主要健康指标居于中高收入国家前列:到2030年，促进全民健康的制度体系更加完善，主要健康指标进入高收入国家行列；到2050年，建成与社会主义现代化国家相适应的健康国家。中国各级政府将继续以高度的责任感和紧迫感，努力全方位、全周期保障人民健康，奋力推动卫生与健康事业全面发展。
       健康是人类的永恒追求，健康促进是国际社会的共同责任。……中国将一如既往地积极参加健康相关领域的国际活动，深入参与全球健康治理，大力落实健康领域可持续发展目标。通过配合“一带一路”建设，增进同沿线国家卫生与健康领域的合作，加强与世界各国的互学互鉴。在“共同构建人类命运共同体”的伟大进程中，中国愿与世界人民携起手来，为建设一个更加美好的健康世界而不懈努力。
选项
答案 Health is a precondition for the survival of humanity and the development of human society.… …China has always put the people’s health at the top of its policy agenda, working hard to improve the people’s health and fitness, and making universal health and fitness a primary goal of development. With years of strenuous effort, marked progress has been achieved in making the Chinese people healthier—China is no longer the "sick man of East Asia." China has made continued improvement in boosting the overall strength of its public health and medical services, and in enhancing the physical fitness and health conditions of its people. China has been hailed as a "role model for developing countries" by the World Health Organization (WHO) in recognition of its achievements. …… The development in the field of health services has brought concrete benefits to the Chinese people. The average life expectancy of the Chinese rose to 76.5 years in 2016 from 67.9 years in 1981; maternal mortality dropped from 88.9 per 100,000 persons in 1990 to 19.9 per 100,000 persons in 2016; and infant mortality declined from 34.7 per 1,000 in 1981 to 7.5 per 1,000 in 2016. The main health indicators of the Chinese are generally better than the average level of middle-and high-income countries, and China has achieved the UN’s Millennium Goals in this regard ahead of schedule. Furthermore, China has established a complete medical and health system that is guided by the Constitution, based on civil laws and regulations, laws and administrative regulations on health, and local regulations, and directed by the outlines, programs, and plans of the health sector. The system has proved effective in maintaining sound doctor-patient relations, addressing medical disputes with impartiality, and ensuring citizens’ right to health. …… …We are keenly aware that safeguarding people’s health is a systematic project. It takes a long period of sustained efforts. At present, with the situation of the country’s industrialization, urbanization and aging population, as well as the changing disease spectrum, ecological environment and lifestyle, the Chinese people are still facing a complex situation in which multiple disease threats coexist and a variety of health factors are intertwined; meanwhile, with the improvement of living standards and enhancement of the concept of health of the people, public demand for health products and health services continues to grow, showing multi-level, diversified and individualized characteristics. Consequently, China is faced with health problems common to both developed and developing countries. In order to better safeguard people’s right to health, we are speeding up the building of a heathy China. A series of plans and outlines have been made and implemented, including the "Healthy China 2030" Planning Outline, the National Fitness Program(2016-2020), the 13th Five-Year Plan for Medical and Health Service Development, and the Plan for Deepening Reform of the Medical and Healthcare System During the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (2016-2020). The Chinese government has put forward a "three-step" goal: a sound basic medical and healthcare system with Chinese characteristics will be established covering both urban and rural residents, with the main health indicators ranking in the forefront of the high-and middle-income countries by 2020; the health-promotion system will be improved, with the main health indicators in the ranks of the high-income countries by 2030; and a healthy China conforming to the requirements of a modern socialist country will be built by 2050. Governments at all levels will continue their work toward comprehensively safeguarding people’s health for the full life cycle, and promoting the overall development of medical and health services, with a high sense of responsibility and urgency. Health is an eternal pursuit of mankind, and health promotion is the common responsibility of the world community.... China will, as always, energetically participate in health-related international activities, take an active part in global health governance, and implement sustainable development goals in the public health sector. In its efforts to build the Belt and Road, China will enhance medical and health cooperation with countries along the route, and emphasize learning from and drawing on the experiences of other countries. In the great process of "jointly building a community with a shared future for mankind," China is keen to join hands with people around the world in making unremitting efforts to build a better and healthier world.
解析         本文主要讨论中国健康事业的发展，以及中国为推动未来健康事业发展制定的计划和目标。全文字数与真题相近，各段字数也较贴近真题。段与段之间联系紧密，逻辑环环相扣，便于理解。文内有较多具有中国特色的句型及表达，在口译时，需要考虑中英两种语言的异同，进行适当的增删或补充，保证译文符合译入语习惯。
        (1)第二段中，“多年来，中国坚持为人民健康服务，把提高人民的健康水平、实现人人得享健康作为发展的重要目标”一句是一个非常典型的中文句，句与句之间没有逻辑词用以串联。在译为英语时，应当使用恰当的连词或副词来体现各句之间的逻辑。由此，本句应译作China has always put the people’s health at the top of its policy agenda, working hard to improve the people’s health and fitness, and making universal health and fitness a primary goal of development。
        (2)第三段主要内容为中国在健康事业上取得的成就。本段前半部分包含大量数字信息。源语为中文，数字的听辨难度不大，但译员应当注意几个表示“比例”的数字，其分母不是常见的“100”，而是“10万”和“1000”。在口译过程中，处理类似表达较为简洁的方法是利用per这个单词，将比例关系体现出来，例：88.9/10万，译作：88.9 per 100,000；34.7‰译作：34.7 per 1,000。此外，注意几类常见法律法规的译法。宪法：Constitution；民事法律法规：civil laws and regulations；卫生行政法律法规：laws and administrative regulations on health.
        (3)第四段主要内容是中国健康事业面临的挑战。本段首先要注意“由于工业化、城镇化、人口老龄化，由于疾病谱、生态环境、生活方式不断变化”这一部分的翻译，此处谈及中国当前面临的复杂局面的多方面原因，并列成分较多，听辩时需要迅速记下关键词，译作: with the situation of the country’s industrialization, urbanization and aging population, as well as the changing disease spectrum, ecological environment and lifestyle.“中国既面对着发达国家面临的健康问题，也面对着发展中国家面临的健康问题”这一句译作：Consequently, China is faced with health problems common to both developed and developing countries。本句译文开头，补充了原文中未体现的“consequently”一词。中文是意合语言，往往没有明显的逻辑词，但英文是形合语言，需要根据上下文，补充逻辑词，保证译文流畅和地道。
        (4)第五段的主要内容是中国在面临诸多挑战时所采取的应对措施。“建立覆盖城乡居民的中国特色基本医疗卫生制度”可译作A sound basic medical and healthcare system with Chinese characteristics will be established covering both urban and rural residents。中文定语往往放在名词前，原文定语中涵盖了较多信息，在译成英文时需灵活调整定语的位置。
        (5)第六段的主要内容为中国在健康领域进行的国际合作。本段中，有较多具有中国特色的表达，翻译时应当注意准确性。“一带一路”译作the Belt and Road，“人类命运共同体”译作a community with a shared future for mankind。
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