首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
职业资格
New studies take the most comprehensive look yet into immune system activity immediately after birth. Much about the immune syst
New studies take the most comprehensive look yet into immune system activity immediately after birth. Much about the immune syst
admin
2022-10-28
71
问题
New studies take the most comprehensive look yet into immune system activity immediately after birth. Much about the immune system has long been mysterious to scientists. Its activity is incredibly complicated and varies greatly between individuals; a deeper understanding of how the system works could lead to more and better vaccines, and even to a clearer distinction between health and disease.
Now three studies report finding new patterns amid the apparent chaos—including in the crucial days just after birth, when the immune system faces many threats from the outside world for the first time.
European researchers last year published an analysis of the immune systems of 100 infants— half born prematurely—between one and 12 weeks after birth. And in a study appearing laying a baseline for healthy immune system development by examining which genes, proteins and immune cells are active during a newborn’s first seven days. "Massive molecular changes are occurring across the first week of life," says Ofer Levy, a staff physician and director of the Precision Vaccines program at Boston Children’s Hospital, who helped lead the most recent study. "Over 1000 genes changing, many proteins changing, hundreds of metabolites—we’re talking about pretty radical shifts."
Both of these studies—and a third that looks at the adult immune system—are part of a growing effort to understand not just the system’s pieces but how they fit together, says Petter Brodin, a pediatric immunologist and associate professor at Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, who was the senior author on last year’s paper. "The immune system is so complex; there are so many moving parts," Brodin says. "If we focus only on, let’s say, one type of cell or protein, we’re not going to be able to see how the system as a whole is wired, or how it’s regulated and functions in a given patient at a given time."
Brodin adds he was surprised when his own research indicated babies’ immune systems respond to birth in similar ways, regardless of whether they are born full-term or premature. "Something happens when the child comes out and faces the environment for the very first time," he says. "There’s a lot of drastic changes happening." Brodin’s research shows bacteria rapidly colonize newborns’ digestive tracts, skin and lungs—which he says appears to be the "driving force" behind the changes. "We think that’s the trigger that happens after birth, which is the reason all of the children are responding so similarly, because they’re all colonized," he says. More research could help distinguish normal individual variation and determine how newborns with certain characteristics will fare later in childhood, he notes.
In the study published this week, Levy and the other researchers in the international group compared two blood samples from each of 30 newborns in Gambia in west Africa, validating their findings in another 30 newborns halfway around the world in Papua New Guinea. They were able to get immense amounts of data on each child from only one milliliter of blood, which would not have been possible just a few years ago, says Levy, who is also a professor at Harvard Medical School. Although the newborns showed a lot of variation in measures of gene, immune and metabolic activity, the team was surprised to find "core signatures" , he says, as the babies’ genetic and immune activities changed during the first week after birth. The study begins to set a baseline for immune behavior that will be useful for understanding how premature or sick babies differ from that norm, says Levy, whose team is now studying how vaccines affect this trajectory.
What will happen when the child comes out and faces the environment for the very first time?
选项
A、Drastic changes.
B、Bacteria rapidly colonize newborns’ digestive tracts, skin and lungs.
C、The "driving force" behind the changes.
D、All of the above.
答案
D
解析
细节题。根据第五段中的“‘There’s a lot of drastic changes happening.’Brodin’s research shows bacteria rapidly colonize newborns ‘digestive tracts,skin and lungs—which he says appears to be the ‘driving force’ behind the changes”可知,婴儿刚出生时A、B、C三项都会发生。故本题选D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ootv777K
本试题收录于:
英语学科知识与教学能力题库教师资格分类
0
英语学科知识与教学能力
教师资格
相关试题推荐
材料:某教师为教授《发现自己的潜能》一课,拟定了下列教学步骤:(一)创设问题情境情境一:以“爱因斯坦的脑资源开发了多少?”为话题引入,用来激发学生对潜能的情趣。通过科学记录《神经元》证明人类具有很大的潜能有待开发。情境二:通过“冰山图”让学生形象地感
某老师在教学“科教兴国战略”时,结合“天宫一号”与“神舟”八号成功对接这一案例,有效地帮助学生理解了所学知识,该老师的这一做法体现的思想品德课教学原则是()。
阅读下面材料,按要求完成教学设计任务。【教材分析】本单元由“学会拒绝”和“自我保护”两课组成,具体教学内容如下:【活动主题】共筑自我防护的堤防【活动任务】我们的生活有精彩,有新奇,充满无限情趣,但生活中也有来自方方面面的不良诱惑与伤害。对于不
某思想品德课教师在“祝福青春”的教学中,组织学生书写并互相赠送青春寄语,鼓励学生把自己收到的青春寄语和全班同学一起分享。这种教学方法是()。
阅读材料,回答问题。课题:《难报三春晖》教学实录导入新课:用多媒体显示唐代诗人孟郊《游子吟》这首诗。并提问:《游子吟》这首诗的内容是什么?它表达了作者的什么情感?由此引入新课《难报三春晖》的学习。多媒体显示:难报三春晖。教学过程合作探究活动一:
ThefirsttimeIquestionedtheconventionalwisdomonthenatureofahealthydiet,Iwasinmysaladdays,almost40yearsago
Whenaresearcherreadsanacademicpapertoseeifitisrelevanttohisfieldofinterest,whichoneofthereadingskillsis
WhichofthefollowingisNOTasuitablepre-listeningactivity?
下面是两位教师的课堂教学片段:Unit1学习的是比较级,其中有三个单词:fat(ter),strong(er),heavy(heavier)片段一:老师甲在讲到fat这个词时,让学生来造句,有很多学生站起来,说了这样一句:S
Ioncehadafriendthatwasdiagnosedwithterminalcancer,andthenewsthathemightonlyliveuptosixmonthswasagreats
随机试题
与大量输血有关的反应有()。
肾筋膜把肾旁脂肪和肾周脂肪隔开,能防止感染扩散至下列位置,但除外()
有关肉芽肿性炎的描述,错误的是
患儿女,5岁。1岁半时无明显诱因开始出现异常,表现为不跟其他小朋友玩,不会用语言表达要求,之前会讲一些简单的句子,现在连爸爸妈妈都不会叫,不看人,跟人没有目光交流,4岁时出现反复绞手的行为,绞手的动作很复杂,正常成人难以学习,走路时两腿跨得很开,常会出现过
某钢厂新建一轧钢车间,施工单位为了抢工期,24h连续作业,当柱子拆模后发现有6根8m高的柱子柱脚部分大面积露筋,施工单位立即用砂浆进行了抹灰处理后,继续施工。在分部工程验收时,被监理工程师发现,后经鉴定6根柱子均达不到质量要求,需拆除,导致施工方损失6万元
某投资项目建设期为2年,第5年的累计净现金流量为-100万元,第6年的累计净现金流量为100万元,则不包括建设期的静态投资回收期为()年。
集装箱货物交接方式中,CY/CY是指()。
TheimprobablechainofeventsthatleadsAlexanderFleming1.______todiscoverpenicillinin1928isthestuffwhichs
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneed
A、Themanhasfalleninlovewiththegirlatfirstsight.B、Themanandtheprettywomanwereattractedtoeachother.C、Thewo
最新回复
(
0
)