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  3. For those seeking to help the worst-off in poor countries, the mobile phone has been a magic wand. Mobile-money accounts have he

For those seeking to help the worst-off in poor countries, the mobile phone has been a magic wand. Mobile-money accounts have he

admin2022-11-16  153
问题     For those seeking to help the worst-off in poor countries, the mobile phone has been a magic wand. Mobile-money accounts have helped deliver "financial inclusion"—making financial services accessible to the tens of millions with a phone but no bank account. But they have downsides too.
    The most obvious way digital financial services harm poor people is by laying them more open to fraud. Research from 2016 cited in a new report by the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP), a consortium of donors affiliated to the World Bank, found that in the Philippines 83％ of people surveyed had been targets of mobile-phone scams, with 17％ losing money. In Tanzania, 27％ had been targeted and 17％ fleeced; in Ghana, 56％ and 12％.
    For the most basic deceptions, a thief needs only a phone number. A text message might offer congratulations on winning a prize, requiring only a small contribution to unlock it. Your identity might be stolen to make you responsible for repaying a loan disbursed to somebody else. An impersonator might steal your mobile-money account when registering a new SIM card. Or your account’s security code—the pin—might be leaked by a mobile-money agent. The poor may be especially susceptible to such scams. They are more likely to be relatively new both to the online world and to formal financial services. And they are less likely to have smartphones with sophisticated security software.
    It is not just money that can be stolen. So too can all the other data stored on a phone. Often, however, much has already been given away freely by its owners. Many "free" apps are in fact paid for in customer data. In every country people gaily sign away their rights to privacy by clicking consent buttons without having understood or even read what they are agreeing to. But such data can also be abused. An algorithm might (by design or accident) be biased against certain borrowers because, say, of their race or creed.
    It is often assumed that the poor are relaxed about surrendering some privacy in return for access to borrowing and other services. In fact, concern about privacy is not a preserve of the rich. Research in India and Kenya has shown that even very poor borrowers would be willing to pay a higher interest rate—or join a much slower queue—for a loan that came with more guarantees that the data provided to the lender would be kept private.
People has been giving away the data on their phone by________.
选项 A、signing up for mobile apps imprudently
B、selling them for financial profit deliberately
C、paying mobile apps with them knowingly
D、clicking most consent buttons discreetly
答案A
解析 根据题干关键词giving away the data on their phone可定位到文章第四段。该段第四句揭示了原因，即“在各个国家，人们在没有理解甚至没有阅读他们所同意的内容的情况下，通过点击同意按钮愉快地放弃他们的隐私权”，即人们在注册时非常草率，忽视涉及隐私权出让的协议内容，由此可知，A项为正确答案。由第四段第四句可知，许多用户是在没有了解清楚许多免费应用需要他们同意的内容，就点击了同意按钮，泄露了他们的许多隐私数据，而非去售卖隐私获取经济利益，选项B属于无中生有，故排除；C项中knowingly“知情的”和D项discreetly“谨慎地”，与原文without having understood or even read what they are agreeing to (在没有理解甚至没有阅读他们所同意的内容的情况下)句意不符，故均排除。
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